Questions and Answers
What is the correct order of elements in the formula for a binary molecule when both elements are in the same group in the periodic table?
Why is the molecule ClO3 written as such, rather than O3Cl?
What is the correct name for the molecule NF3?
Why is the prefix 'mono-' dropped in the name of the molecule Cl2O?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct name for the molecule N2O4?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the molecule SO2 written as such, rather than O2S?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct suffix for the second element in a binary molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is the prefix 'mono-' not used for the first element in a binary molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct suffix for the nitrate ion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following oxyanions does not have an –ite counterpart?
Signup and view all the answers
What prefix is added to the oxyanion with one oxygen more than the common?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct name for the sulfite ion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following oxyanions can be extended to form four members?
Signup and view all the answers
What prefix is added to the oxyanion that is one oxygen less than the –ite version?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct suffix for the sulfate ion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common mistake in chemical naming?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct name for the ion ClO$^-$?
Signup and view all the answers
Which prefix is used for an anion derived by adding one hydrogen ion to the phosphate ion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes the naming of anions formed by adding hydrogen ions to common oxyanions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound formed from Na$^+$ and ClO$^-$?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct way to write the formula for sodium bicarbonate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following oxyanions corresponds to the formula ClO$_2^-$?
Signup and view all the answers
If an anion is referred to as 'dihydrogen phosphate', what does this imply about its composition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a common misconception in chemical naming?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Writing Binary Molecules
- In a binary molecule, the elements are written in a specific order, with the heavier element first.
- If both elements are in the same group in the periodic table, the heavier element is written first.
- Oxygen is always written last, following the naming rule for anions.
Rules in Naming Binary Molecules
- The second element in a binary molecule is named with an ending –ide.
- The number of the second element is indicated using Greek prefixes: mono-, di-, tri-, etc.
- If the second element's name begins with a vowel, the 'a' or 'o' in the prefix is dropped.
- The mono- prefix is not used for the first element.
Examples of Naming Binary Molecules
- NF₃ is named Nitrogen trifluoride.
- Cl₂O is named Dichlorine monoxide (not monooxide, with the 'o' dropped).
- N₂O₄ is named Dinitrogen tetroxide (not tetraoxide).
Naming Anions
- Anions derived from oxyanions by adding H⁺ are named by adding the prefix hydrogen-, bi-, or dihydrogen.
- Examples: • CO₃²⁻ + H⁺ → HCO₃⁻ (hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate). • PO₄³⁻ + H⁺ → HPO₄²⁻ (hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate).
Common Oxyanions
- The following oxyanions must be memorized: • CO₃²⁻ (carbonate ion). • NO₃⁻ (nitrate ion). • PO₄³⁻ (phosphate ion). • SO₄²⁻ (sulfate ion). • ClO₃⁻ (chlorate ion).
Extended Oxyanions
- Some oxyanions can be extended to form four members by adding prefixes: • per- for one oxygen more than the common oxyanion. • hypo- for one oxygen less than the –ite version.
Formula of Ionic Compounds
- Ionic compounds are formed by combining cations and anions in the right proportion to have no charge in the final form.
- The suffixes -ate and -ite are used to indicate the common and one oxygen less than common oxyanions, respectively.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn the rules for naming binary molecules, including the order of elements, use of Greek prefixes, and naming anions. Examples of nitrogen and chlorine compounds are provided.