Questions and Answers
What are binary acids?
Acids are molecular compounds that dissolve in water to form H+ ions. Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal.
What is the first step in naming binary acids?
What are oxyacids derived from?
Oxyacids are derived from oxyanions.
What should you do if the oxyanion ends in -ate?
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Match the following acids with their formulas:
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H₂SO₄ is known as _.
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The formula for hydrochloric acid is _.
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What is the definition of the prefix 'mono'?
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What acid is represented by the formula H2Se?
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What acid is represented by the formula HClO₃?
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What is HNF₃ known as?
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What is the formula for phosphoric acid?
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Which acid is referred to as hydrobromic acid?
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What is H₂SO₃ commonly known as?
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What is the name for HClO?
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What is the name for HNO₂?
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What is H₂Cr₂O₇ known as?
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Study Notes
Binary Acids
- Binary acids consist of hydrogen and one nonmetal element, forming H+ ions in water.
- Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) contains hydrogen and chlorine.
Naming Rules for Binary Acids
- Use the prefix "hydro-" followed by the base name of the nonmetal and the suffix "-ic" (e.g., HCl is named "hydrochloric").
- The word "acid" is added after the name (e.g., "hydrochloric acid").
- Greek prefixes are not employed for atom counts in the compound's name (e.g., Na2O is simply "sodium oxide").
Oxyacids
- Oxyacids are formed from oxyanions, which contain oxygen.
- Example: Nitric acid (HNO3) comes from the nitrate ion (NO3-), while sulfuric acid (H2SO4) derives from the sulfate ion (SO42-).
- Structure involves hydrogen and an oxyanion.
Naming Rules for Oxyacids
- If the oxyanion's name ends with "-ate," the acid name is created by adding "-ic" to the base name (e.g., HNO3 is "nitric").
- For oxyanions ending with "-ite," use the base name and add "-ous" (e.g., HNO2 is "nitrous").
- Include the word "acid" in the name (e.g., "nitric acid").
- Greek prefixes are not used in naming.
Common Acid Names
- HCl: Hydrochloric acid
- HClO₄: Perchloric acid
- HNO₃: Nitric acid
- HClO₃: Chloric acid
- HBr: Hydrobromic acid
- HClO₂: Chlorous acid
- HNO₂: Nitrous acid
- H₂S: Hydrosulfuric acid
- H₂SO₄: Sulfuric acid
- H₂SO₃: Sulfurous acid
- HF: Hydrofluoric acid
- H₃PO₄: Phosphoric acid
- H₂CrO₄: Chromic acid
- HI: Hydroiodic acid
- H₃PO₃: Phosphorous acid
- H₂Cr₂O₇: Dichromic acid
- HC₂H₃O₂: Acetic acid
- H₂Se: Hydroselenic acid
- HClO: Hypochlorous acid
- HCN: Hydrocyanic acid
List of Greek Prefixes
- Mono: 1
- Di: 2
- Tri: 3
- Tetra: 4
- Penta: 5
- Hexa: 6
- Hepta: 7
- Octa: 8
- Nona: 9
- Deca: 10
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Description
This flashcard set focuses on the definitions and rules for naming binary acids and oxyacids. Learn the structure of binary acids, such as hydrochloric acid, and the systematic approach to naming these compounds. Perfect for chemistry students looking to solidify their understanding of acid nomenclature.
