Nail Disorders and Diseases Flashcards

Nail Disorders and Diseases

Onychia: Inflammation of the nail matrix with pus formation; often results from improperly sanitized tools and bacterial infections.
Onychocryptosis: Ingrown nails where the nail grows into the surrounding skin. Commonly caused by improper nail trimming and shaping.
Onychogryphosis: Increased curvature and thickening of the nails, potentially growing over the finger or toe tip; can cause inflammation and pain if it penetrates the skin.
Onycholysis: Loosening of the nail due to internal disorders, infections, or drug treatments.
Onychomycosis: A fungal infection also known as tinea unguium or ringworm of the nails; characterized by whitish patches easily scraped off.
Onychoptosis: Shedding of nails, either partially or completely; can result from diseases like syphilis, fever, trauma, or drug reactions.
Paronychia: Inflammation around the nail; symptoms include redness, swelling, and tenderness in the surrounding tissue, often caused by bacterial infections.
Bluish Nails: Indicate insufficient oxygen in the body; can signal lung infections (like pneumonia) or heart issues.
Bruised Nails: Caused by trauma to the nail plate; results in blood trapping beneath the nail, leading to discoloration.
Corrugations: Wavy ridges appearing on nails due to uneven growth often linked to illness or injury.
Hangnails: Split cuticles resulting from dry conditions and environmental factors; involves loose skin separating from the nail.
Koilonychia: Concave nail shape typically caused by iron deficiency anemia; characterized by thin, concave nails and raised ridges.
Leukonychia: Presence of white spots on nails; these marks are harmless and disappear as nails grow.
Onychorrhexis: Characterized by dry, brittle nails resulting from injury, improper filing, or harsh chemicals; may indicate thyroid disease.
Onychauxis: Overgrowth of the nail primarily in thickness, possibly hereditary or due to local infection; nail services possible if infection is absent.
Onychatrophia: Atrophy of the nail plate leading to loss of luster, size reduction, or complete shedding; caused by injury or disease.
Onychophagy: Nail biting linked to anxiety and stress; often associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder; signs include sensitivity and deformation of the nail.
Pterygium: Inward skin advancement over the nail plate; can lead to nail plate loss due to scar tissue development; cortisone may prevent further scar tissue formation.