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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between Depth First Search (DFS) and Breadth First Search (BFS)?

  • DFS explores as far down a branch as possible before backtracking, while BFS explores all neighbors at the present depth prior to moving on. (correct)
  • DFS is faster than BFS in all situations.
  • DFS explores nodes layer by layer while BFS goes deep into nodes.
  • DFS uses a queue while BFS uses a stack.
  • Which statement accurately describes a graph?

  • A graph can only represent one type of relationship at a time.
  • A graph is a linear data structure with an ordered sequence of elements.
  • A graph is made up of vertices connected by edges, representing relationships between entities. (correct)
  • A graph consists of a single node with no connections.
  • What characterizes a cyclic graph?

  • It has no cycles and each node can be reached uniquely.
  • It can only be traversed using Depth First Search.
  • It contains at least one cycle, allowing a node to connect back to itself. (correct)
  • It is structured linearly with all nodes connected in a single path.
  • What does an adjacency matrix represent in graph theory?

    <p>A square matrix that denotes connection presence between nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue when dealing with cyclic graphs in algorithms?

    <p>They may lead to infinite loops if cycles are not detected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best defines a loop in programming?

    <p>A construct that allows for repetitive execution until a condition is met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a directed graph differ from an undirected graph?

    <p>Edges in directed graphs have a specific direction, whereas edges in undirected graphs do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of using acyclic graphs in algorithms compared to cyclic graphs?

    <p>Acyclic graphs can simplify search algorithms due to unique paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Difference Between DFS and BFS

    • DFS stands for Depth-First Search
    • BFS stands for Breadth-First Search

    Graph Definition

    • A graph is a non-linear data structure
    • Composed of vertices (nodes) and edges
    • Vertices represent entities or concepts
    • Edges represent relationships or connections
    • Graphs can be directed or undirected
      • Directed: Edges have a specific direction
      • Undirected: Edges are bidirectional

    Cyclic Graph

    • A cyclic graph is a data structure where a node can have a path to itself through a sequence of edges
    • It contains at least one cycle (loop)

    Adjacency Matrix

    • Used to represent a graph
    • A square matrix where rows and columns represent nodes
    • Matrix elements indicate edges between nodes
      • If a node is adjacent to another, the matrix element at the intersection of the corresponding row and column is 1, otherwise 0.

    Loops

    • Programming construct for repeated code execution
    • Runs a set of instructions until a certain condition is met
    • Used in data structures for traversing, accessing or manipulating elements repeatedly (e.g., linked lists, arrays)

    Merge Sort Algorithm

    • Divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm
    • Recursively divides the input array into smaller sub-arrays
    • Merges sorted sub-arrays to produce a final sorted array.

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