18 Questions
What is the role of vitamin K in the context of E.coli in human intestines?
Assisting in blood clotting
What type of immunity is present at birth in animals?
Innate immunity
Which of the following is part of the body's first line of defense against pathogens entering?
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach
What does the body use to trap pathogens in the air passages?
Mucus
What is the purpose of the second line of defense in the immune response?
To destroy pathogens that have entered
Which enzyme found in saliva contributes to the body's first line of defense against pathogens?
Lysozyme
Where are B-lymphocytes found?
In the tonsils and lymph glands
What is the function of Killer T-cells?
Destroy body cells infected with viruses or parasites
What is a vaccine?
A suspension of dead or weakened micro-organisms that stimulate antibody production
What is phagocytosis?
The process of engulfing and destroying bacteria by phagocytes
What is the role of CD4 cells in the immune response?
Start the immune response
How do B-lymphocytes respond upon encountering the same germs again?
They produce antibodies faster
Which type of immunity in plants involves infected cells dying off quickly to prevent the spread of disease?
Active immunity
What is the best-known antibiotic that is produced by the fungus Penicillium?
Penicillin
What is the main function of antibiotics?
Slow down or stop the growth of disease-causing bacteria
What can happen if drug treatment is stopped before the recommended time in micro-organisms?
The micro-organisms develop resistance
How do antibiotics usually target bacteria?
Affecting cell membranes
What method can reduce/prevent micro-organisms from becoming drug-resistant?
Treatment with a combination of drugs ('cocktail')
Explore the mutualistic relationship between Escherichia coli (E.coli) and humans in the human intestines. Learn how E.coli living on undigested food in the gut produce vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting, benefiting both parties in the symbiotic relationship.
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