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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle compared to skeletal and smooth muscles?
What function is primarily associated with skeletal muscles?
Which connective tissue layer surrounds a single muscle fiber in skeletal muscle?
What is the common characteristic of smooth muscle cells?
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What term best describes the muscle tissue that is under voluntary control?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a site for muscle attachment?
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Which muscle type is primarily responsible for peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract?
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What is the primary role of muscle tissue in the body besides movement?
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Which type of joint allows for partial movement between its connected bones?
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Which of the following joints is classified as a synovial joint?
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What is the primary function of fibrous joints?
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Which of the following substances is stored in bones as an inorganic salt?
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Which part of the skeleton includes the ribs and sternum?
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Which vertebrae are considered irregular bones located in the vertebral column?
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Which component does NOT play a role in blood cell formation within bones?
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The pelvic girdle is a part of which section of the skeleton?
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Study Notes
Muscular System
- Muscles facilitate all body movements through contraction.
- Three types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
Function of Muscles
- Maintains heartbeat and body posture.
- Facilitates body movement and generates heat.
- Provides shape and protects organs and bones.
- Stabilizes joints.
Skeletal Muscles
- Voluntary muscles, comprising about 40% of body weight.
- Attach to bones via tendons and are striated.
- Cells are multinucleate and enveloped by connective tissue.
Connective Tissue Surrounding Skeletal Muscle
- Endomysium: encases individual muscle fibers.
- Perimysium: surrounds muscle fiber bundles.
- Epimysium: covers entire skeletal muscle.
Skeletal Muscle Attachments
- Attachment through tendons (cord-like) and aponeuroses (sheet-like).
- Muscle sites of attachment include bones, cartilages, and connective tissues.
Muscles for Intermuscular Injection
- Common injection sites include the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscles.
Cardiac Muscles
- Involuntary muscles located in the heart, responsible for blood movement.
- Striated with single nucleus and connected by intercalated discs.
- Nerve supply originates from the autonomic nervous system.
Smooth Muscles
- Found in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and hollow organs.
- Involuntary muscles characterized by spindle-shaped cells and single nucleus.
- Lack striations and function without conscious control.
Comparison between Muscle Types
- Skeletal: voluntary, striated, multinucleate.
- Cardiac: involuntary, striated, single nucleus.
- Smooth: involuntary, non-striated, single nucleus.
Joints
- Joints are where two or more bones meet.
- Types include synovial (moveable), cartilaginous (limited movement), and fibrous (immovable).
Fibrous Joints
- Composed of fibrous connective tissue, allowing no movement.
- Example: sutures in the skull.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Bones joined by cartilage, allowing limited movement.
- Example: intervertebral discs separating vertebrae.
Synovial Joints
- Most joints in the skeletal system are synovial.
- Bones covered with articular cartilage and supported by ligaments.
Examples of Synovial Joints
- Upper limb: shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint.
- Lower limb: hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint.
Bone Functions
- Support body weight and protect internal organs.
- Store inorganic salts such as calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, and potassium.
- Facilitate blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) in red marrow.
Skeletal System
- Divided into two parts: axial and appendicular skeletons.
Axial Skeleton
- Comprises the skull (8 cranial and 14 facial bones), vertebral column (33 vertebrae), and thoracic cage (sternum, ribs, costal cartilages).
Vertebral Column
- Contains cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), and coccyx (4 fused vertebrae).
- Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs made of fibrocartilage.
Bony Thorax
- Protects thoracic organs and composed of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae.
- Sternum has three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
Appendicular Skeleton
- Includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of the upper and lower limbs.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the musculoskeletal system with this quiz. Explore the different types of muscles and their functions, as well as the crucial roles they play in the human body. Enhance your understanding of how muscle contractions lead to movement and support bodily functions.
