Questions and Answers
Which structure is NOT part of the nervous system?
Heart
Which of these is a function of the nervous system?
Sensation
Which specimen is NOT commonly collected for lab tests of neurological disorders?
Saliva
Which of the following is NOT a common disorder of the nervous system?
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What is one purpose of lab tests in diagnosing neurological conditions?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the main structures of the nervous system?
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Which function of the nervous system involves processing sensory information and determining an appropriate response?
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Which of these disorders is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons?
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Laboratory tests for identifying neurological infections predominantly analyze which specimen?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?
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Which of the following structures is part of the integumentary system?
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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
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Which layer of the skin is primarily made up of fat and collagen cells?
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Which layer of the skin contains connective tissue, nerve endings, and hair follicles?
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What is the primary characteristic of the epidermis?
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Which gland is NOT part of the endocrine system?
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What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
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Which of the following is a common disorder of the endocrine system?
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What specimens are commonly collected to diagnose endocrine disorders?
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Which disorder is associated with the thyroid gland?
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Which of the following disorders is characterized by high blood sugar levels?
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Which structure of the male reproductive system stores and matures sperm?
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Which of the following is not a common disorder of the male reproductive system?
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Which structure is responsible for carrying urine and semen out of the body?
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Which specimens are commonly collected to diagnose male reproductive disorders?
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What is the main function of the male reproductive system?
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Which of the following is not a structure of the digestive system?
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What is a primary function of the digestive system?
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Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
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What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
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Which of the following is a common disorder of the digestive system?
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Which specimen is NOT typically collected for lab tests to identify causes of digestive symptoms?
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Which of these is a common disorder of the urinary system characterized by the formation of solid masses in the kidneys?
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What function of the digestive system directly involves the removal of waste materials?
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Which specimen is commonly collected to diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
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Apart from filtration, what is another function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
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Which of the following is NOT a structure of the female reproductive system?
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Which specimen is commonly collected for diagnosing female reproductive disorders?
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Which of the following is a common disorder a phlebotomist should be aware of?
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What is the main function of the female reproductive system?
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Which lab test result would be uncommon in diagnosing female reproductive disorders?
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Which of the following is not a structure found in the skeletal system?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by a decrease in bone density?
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What is the primary specimen collected for lab tests to diagnose skeletal disorders?
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Which function of the skeletal system involves the production of blood cells?
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Which skeletal disorder is commonly linked to vitamin D deficiency?
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Which type of muscle is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart?
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What is the main function of skeletal muscles?
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Which disorder is characterized by muscle degeneration?
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Which specimens are typically collected to diagnose muscular system disorders?
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Which is NOT one of the functions of the muscular system?
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What is peristalsis?
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves
- Functions include communication, sensation, response, integration, and body control
- Common disorders include ALS, diabetic neuropathy, epilepsy, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and shingles
- Lab tests help identify neurological disorders, infections, and levels of therapeutic drugs
- Specimens collected for testing include blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Integumentary System
- Structures include skin, hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands
- Primary function is to provide a barrier between the body and external environment
- Layers of the integumentary system include epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
Endocrine System
- Consists of thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, sex and adrenal glands, and pancreas
- Functions to regulate biological functions of the body through hormone secretion
- Common disorders include Addison's disease, Cushing syndrome, diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, and hyper/hypothyroidism
- Lab tests diagnose endocrine disorders
- Specimens collected for testing include blood, saliva, and urine
Digestive System
- Structures include gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
- Functions include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
- Common disorders include anorexia, cirrhosis, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, GERD, hepatitis, and pancreatitis
- Lab tests identify causes of symptoms
- Specimens collected for testing include blood and feces
Male Reproductive System
- Structures include spermatic cords, scrotum, testes, sperm, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, seminal ducts, urethra, and penis
- Function is procreation
- Common disorders include infertility, prostate cancer, and STDs
- Lab tests diagnose disorders and infections
- Specimens collected for testing include blood, urine, and semen
Female Reproductive System
- Structures include ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and vulva
- Function is procreation
- Common disorders include cervical cancer, infertility, STDs, and uterine cancer
- Lab tests diagnose female reproductive disorders, infections, and pregnancy
- Specimens collected for testing include blood and urine
Skeletal System
- Structures include bones, cartilage, joints, and marrow
- Functions include support, protection, movement, storage, and production of blood cells
- Common disorders include arthritis, bursitis, fractures, osteoporosis, and rickets
- Lab tests diagnose disorders and infections
- Specimens collected for testing include blood, urine, and other body fluids
Muscular System
- Structures include cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles
- Functions include movement, posture, and heat
- Common disorders include atrophy, muscular dystrophy, myalgia, and tendonitis
- Lab tests diagnose disorders
- Specimens collected for testing include blood and biopsies
Urinary System
- Structures include kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
- Functions include filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
- Common disorders include cystitis, kidney stones, renal failure, and UTI
- Lab tests diagnose disorders and infections
- Specimens collected for testing include blood and urine
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