Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the muscular system refer to?
What does the muscular system refer to?
The voluntary skeletal muscle system.
The muscular system is a simple collection of tissues.
The muscular system is a simple collection of tissues.
False (B)
What are the main functions of the muscular system? (Select all that apply)
What are the main functions of the muscular system? (Select all that apply)
- Production of body heat (correct)
- Maintainence of upright posture (correct)
- Construction of organs and vessels (correct)
- Helps for breathing (correct)
- Communication (correct)
- Heartbeat (correct)
- Movement and locomotion (correct)
- Protection of abdominal organs (correct)
Skeletal muscles are ______ in action.
Skeletal muscles are ______ in action.
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands?
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands?
Cardiac muscle is controlled voluntarily.
Cardiac muscle is controlled voluntarily.
What is the attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone called?
What is the attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone called?
What is the attachment of a muscle tendon to the movable bone called?
What is the attachment of a muscle tendon to the movable bone called?
What is the portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion called?
What is the portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion called?
The fibers of the tendon are embedded in the periosteum of the bone.
The fibers of the tendon are embedded in the periosteum of the bone.
What are the bone markings where tendons meet bones?
What are the bone markings where tendons meet bones?
What are the properties of muscles? (Select all that apply)
What are the properties of muscles? (Select all that apply)
The ability of a muscle to shorten and generate pulling force is called ______.
The ability of a muscle to shorten and generate pulling force is called ______.
The capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus is called ______.
The capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus is called ______.
The ability of a muscle to be stretched back to its original length is called ______.
The ability of a muscle to be stretched back to its original length is called ______.
The ability of a muscle to recoil to its original resting length after being stretched is called ______.
The ability of a muscle to recoil to its original resting length after being stretched is called ______.
What are the three main types of muscular contraction? (Select all that apply)
What are the three main types of muscular contraction? (Select all that apply)
During concentric contraction, muscles lengthen as they contract.
During concentric contraction, muscles lengthen as they contract.
During eccentric contraction, muscles shorten as they contract.
During eccentric contraction, muscles shorten as they contract.
During isometric contraction, muscles maintain the same length as they contract.
During isometric contraction, muscles maintain the same length as they contract.
Match the following types of muscle fascicle arrangement with their corresponding examples:
Match the following types of muscle fascicle arrangement with their corresponding examples:
What is the most powerful muscle of mastication?
What is the most powerful muscle of mastication?
Where is the temporalis muscle located?
Where is the temporalis muscle located?
The suprahyoid muscles are located below the hyoid bone.
The suprahyoid muscles are located below the hyoid bone.
The digastric muscle has two bellies: an anterior belly and a posterior belly.
The digastric muscle has two bellies: an anterior belly and a posterior belly.
What are the actions of the scalene muscles?
What are the actions of the scalene muscles?
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
The infrahyoid muscles are antagonists of the suprahyoid muscles.
The infrahyoid muscles are antagonists of the suprahyoid muscles.
The omohyoid muscle is easily accessible due to its superficial location.
The omohyoid muscle is easily accessible due to its superficial location.
What are the main actions of the platysma muscle?
What are the main actions of the platysma muscle?
What are the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
What are the actions of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
The pterygoid muscles are primarily responsible for chewing.
The pterygoid muscles are primarily responsible for chewing.
The longus capitis and longus colli muscles are located between the trachea and the cervical vertebrae.
The longus capitis and longus colli muscles are located between the trachea and the cervical vertebrae.
The levator anguli oris muscle is involved in frowning.
The levator anguli oris muscle is involved in frowning.
The levator labii superioris muscle is located lateral to the levator anguli oris muscle.
The levator labii superioris muscle is located lateral to the levator anguli oris muscle.
The risorius muscle produces a genuine smile.
The risorius muscle produces a genuine smile.
The zygomaticus major muscle is often associated with joy, pleasure, and laughter.
The zygomaticus major muscle is often associated with joy, pleasure, and laughter.
The zygomaticus minor muscle is primarily responsible for creating a grimace.
The zygomaticus minor muscle is primarily responsible for creating a grimace.
The nasalis muscle is responsible for constricting the nostrils.
The nasalis muscle is responsible for constricting the nostrils.
The procerus muscle is primarily responsible for wrinkling the skin of the nose.
The procerus muscle is primarily responsible for wrinkling the skin of the nose.
What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
The orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for blinking, squinting, and closing the eye.
The orbicularis oculi muscle is responsible for blinking, squinting, and closing the eye.
The auricularis muscles are responsible for moving the ears.
The auricularis muscles are responsible for moving the ears.
What are the two main types of vertebral processes?
What are the two main types of vertebral processes?
What are the main components of the thoracic cage?
What are the main components of the thoracic cage?
The erector spinae muscle group is a group of deep back muscles that extend the vertebral column.
The erector spinae muscle group is a group of deep back muscles that extend the vertebral column.
The transversospinalis muscle group is located deeper than the erector spinae muscle group.
The transversospinalis muscle group is located deeper than the erector spinae muscle group.
What are the actions of the multifidus and rotatores muscles?
What are the actions of the multifidus and rotatores muscles?
The semispinalis capitis muscle extends the vertebral column and head.
The semispinalis capitis muscle extends the vertebral column and head.
The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles are located superficially to the transversospinalis group.
The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles are located superficially to the transversospinalis group.
The suboccipital muscles are responsible for rotating the head.
The suboccipital muscles are responsible for rotating the head.
The quadratus lumborum muscle is located in the back.
The quadratus lumborum muscle is located in the back.
The abdominal muscles are responsible for compressing the abdominal cavity.
The abdominal muscles are responsible for compressing the abdominal cavity.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
The intercostal muscles assist in both inhalation and exhalation.
The intercostal muscles assist in both inhalation and exhalation.
The serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles are located in the back.
The serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles are located in the back.
The intertransversarii and interspinalis muscles are located in the back.
The intertransversarii and interspinalis muscles are located in the back.
The intertransversarii muscles connect the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.
The intertransversarii muscles connect the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.
The interspinalis muscles connect the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.
The interspinalis muscles connect the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.
Flashcards
Muscular System
Muscular System
A specialized type of tissue composed of individual muscle organs, primarily skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissues, responsible for voluntary movements.
Origin (of a muscle)
Origin (of a muscle)
The point where a muscle tendon attaches to a stationary bone during contraction.
Insertion (of a muscle)
Insertion (of a muscle)
The point where a muscle tendon attaches to a movable bone during contraction.
Belly (of a muscle)
Belly (of a muscle)
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Tendon
Tendon
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Contractility (Muscle property)
Contractility (Muscle property)
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Excitability (Muscle property)
Excitability (Muscle property)
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Extensibility (Muscle property)
Extensibility (Muscle property)
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Elasticity (Muscle property)
Elasticity (Muscle property)
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Concentric Contraction
Concentric Contraction
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Eccentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
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Isometric Contraction
Isometric Contraction
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Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
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Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Head and Neck Muscles
Head and Neck Muscles
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Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
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Scalene Muscles
Scalene Muscles
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Masseter Muscle
Masseter Muscle
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Temporalis Muscle
Temporalis Muscle
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Infrahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
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Platysma Muscle
Platysma Muscle
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Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Occipitofrontalis Muscle
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Pterygoid Muscles
Pterygoid Muscles
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Suboccipital Muscles
Suboccipital Muscles
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Erector Spinae Muscle Group
Erector Spinae Muscle Group
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Transversospinalis Muscle Group
Transversospinalis Muscle Group
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Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
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Diaphragm Muscle
Diaphragm Muscle
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Intercostal Muscles
Intercostal Muscles
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Study Notes
Muscular System Overview
- The muscular system involves voluntary skeletal muscles and connective tissues that form organs.
- It's a complex system with tissues each having a unique function.
- Understanding the components of the muscular system, including connective tissues, helps understand bodily functions and movement.
Muscle Function
- Movement and locomotion are facilitated by muscles.
- Maintaining posture is a critical function of muscles.
- Muscles enable breathing and communication.
- Muscles help to regulate organs such as abdominal organs and blood vessels
- Muscles also generate heat and protect abdominal organs
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal muscles, comprising 40% of body weight, control locomotion and many body movements.
- They're connected to bones and controlled by somatic motor neurons.
- Smooth muscles line hollow organs and blood vessels, aiding in functions like digestion and regulating blood flow.
- These muscles are under involuntary control by the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems.
- Cardiac muscle is the heart's primary tissue, managing blood circulation. It's an involuntary muscle controlled by the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems.
Muscle Attachments
- Origin is the stationary tendon attachment to a bone.
- Insertion is the movable tendon attachment to a bone.
- The muscle belly (gaster) is the portion between origin and insertion.
- Tendon fibers are embedded within the periosteum of the bone.
- Bone markings, like tubercles and crests, are areas where tendons connect.
Muscle Properties
- Contractility is a muscle's ability to shorten and generate pulling force.
- Excitability is a muscle's capacity to respond to a stimulus.
- Extensibility refers to a muscle's ability to stretch.
- Elasticity is a muscle's ability to recoil to its resting length.
Types of Muscular Contractions
- Isotonic contractions involve muscle shortening during contraction.
- Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening as parts of the muscle draw closer together.
- Eccentric contractions involve a lengthening of muscle as the muscle parts draw further apart while under tension.
- Isometric contractions involve muscle maintaining a constant length.
Fascicle Arrangement
- Muscle fascicle arrangement refers to the arrangement of fibers within a muscle
Head and Neck Muscles
- Various muscles such as Occipitofrontalis, Temporalis, Masseter, Sternocleidomastoid, and Trapezius are present in the head and neck regions.
- These muscles play a role in facial expressions, chewing, head movement, and maintaining posture.
Scalenes Muscles
- Anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes exist, controlling head and neck movements in coordination with the rib cage.
Masseter Muscle
- The masseter is a powerful chewing muscle.
- It's located on the side of the mandible, aiding in chewing.
Temporalis Muscle (Core)
- The temporalis is crucial for chewing actions.
- Its location in the temporal area of the cranium contributes to these actions.
Suprahyoids and Digastric
- These groups control tongue and hyoid bone movements, playing essential roles in swallowing and speech.
Muscles of the Nasal Region
- Muscles such as Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi, Nasalis, and Procerus are crucial for nasal expressions and nose manipulation.
Muscles of the Eyes (Corrugator Supercilii & Orbicularis Oculi)
- The Corrugator Supercilii controls eyebrow movements, expressing concern, anger, or worry.
- The Orbicularis Oculi is crucial for closing eyelids.
Muscles of the Scalp (Auricularis)
- Auricularis muscles control ear movements.
- They're located near the ear and aid in fine-tuning ear movements.
Spinal Column and related muscles
- Spinal column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrum/coccyx) are involved in posture, movement and supporting the body.
- Various back muscles and neck muscles are important support structures in the spinal column.
Abdominal and Thoracic Walls Muscles
- Rectus Abdominis, External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Transversus Abdominis are abdominal wall muscles which play roles in posture, supporting the torso, breathing, and lifting and pushing activities.
- Diaphragm, Intercostals (External and Internal) are thoracic muscles that facilitates breathing and chest expansion.
- Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior are involved in breathing and rib movements.
Other Muscles Groups
- Various other muscles groups help with posture, chewing, swallowing, breathing and support the body.
- Additional muscles such as Intertransversarii, Interspinalis, Longus Capitis, Longus Colli, Quadratus Lumborum contribute to broader functions like spinal support, neck and torso movement.
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