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Questions and Answers
Match the following functions of the muscular system with their correct descriptions:
Match the following functions of the muscular system with their correct descriptions:
Movement = Facilitates locomotion and body movement Stability = Maintains body posture and position Heat Generation = Produces heat through muscle contractions Circulation = Assists in blood flow through the heart
Match the three types of muscle tissue with their characteristics:
Match the three types of muscle tissue with their characteristics:
Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary control and striated Smooth Muscle = Involuntary control and non-striated Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary control and striated Connective Tissue = Supports and binds various structures
Match the components of a muscle fiber with their functions:
Match the components of a muscle fiber with their functions:
Sarcolemma = Muscle fiber's outer membrane Myofibrils = Contractile elements within the muscle fiber Sarcoplasmic Reticulum = Stores calcium ions for contraction Mitochondria = Produces energy through ATP
Match the types of muscle fibers with their characteristics:
Match the types of muscle fibers with their characteristics:
Match the roles of motor units with their descriptions:
Match the roles of motor units with their descriptions:
Match the elements of the sliding filament mechanism with their functions:
Match the elements of the sliding filament mechanism with their functions:
Match the nervous system control components with their roles:
Match the nervous system control components with their roles:
Match the microanatomical components with their functions:
Match the microanatomical components with their functions:
Match the types of muscle contractions with their definitions:
Match the types of muscle contractions with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Functions of the Muscular System
- Movement
- Maintain posture
- Stabilize joints
- Generate heat
Three Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal muscle
- Voluntary
- Striated
- Attached to bones
- Smooth muscle
- Involuntary
- Nonstriated
- Found in walls of internal organs
- Cardiac muscle
- Involuntary
- Striated
- Found only in the heart
Myofascial Unit
- A functional unit composed of a muscle and its surrounding connective tissue
Microanatomy of a Muscle Fiber
- Sarcolemma: The cell membrane of a muscle fiber
- Sarcoplasm: The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
- Myofibrils: Cylindrical structures within muscle fibers, composed of myofilaments
- Myofilaments: Microscopic protein filaments within myofibrils, responsible for muscle contraction
- Actin: Thin filaments
- Myosin: Thick filaments
Sliding Filament Mechanism
- Muscle contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere
- Cross-bridges: Projections on myosin filaments that bind to actin, forming a connection that allows the filaments to slide past each other
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): Energy source used for muscle contraction
Nervous System Control of Muscle Contraction
- Neuromuscular junction: The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber
- Neurotransmitter (acetylcholine): Chemical messenger released by a motor neuron that stimulates a muscle fiber to contract
- Action potential: Electrical signal that travels down a motor neuron, triggering the release of acetylcholine
Motor Unit
- A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
- Small motor units: Composed of red, slow-twitch fibers, produce less force but are fatigue-resistant
- Large motor units: Composed of white, fast-twitch fibers, produce more force but fatigue quickly
All-or-None Response Law
- A muscle fiber will contract completely or not at all when stimulated
Red and White Muscle Fibers
- Red muscle fibers: Rich in myoglobin, slow-twitch, fatigue-resistant
- Used for endurance activities
- White muscle fibers: Low in myoglobin, fast-twitch, fatigue quickly
- Used for explosive activities
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