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Questions and Answers
What is the primary consequence of an abscess resulting from tuberculosis in the lumbar region?
What is the primary consequence of an abscess resulting from tuberculosis in the lumbar region?
Which lumbar nerve branches are primarily associated with the psoas major muscle?
Which lumbar nerve branches are primarily associated with the psoas major muscle?
Which nerve arises from the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle?
Which nerve arises from the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the posterior abdominal wall?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the posterior abdominal wall?
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What is the function of the iliohypogastric nerve?
What is the function of the iliohypogastric nerve?
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What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the quadratus lumborum?
Which nerve supplies the quadratus lumborum?
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What action is primarily associated with the iliacus muscle?
What action is primarily associated with the iliacus muscle?
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Where does the insertion of the psoas minor occur?
Where does the insertion of the psoas minor occur?
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Which of the following actions does NOT involve the quadratus lumborum?
Which of the following actions does NOT involve the quadratus lumborum?
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The psoas major muscle is responsible for which of the following actions?
The psoas major muscle is responsible for which of the following actions?
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Which muscle originates from the bodies of T12 to L5 vertebrae?
Which muscle originates from the bodies of T12 to L5 vertebrae?
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What is the clinical importance of the psoas major muscle?
What is the clinical importance of the psoas major muscle?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall
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Psoas Major: Originates from the transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, lumbar intervertebral discs, and tendinous arches. Inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur via the iliopsoas tendon. Innervated by lumbar nerves L1, L2, and L3. Actions include flexion and lateral rotation of the thigh and trunk flexion.
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Psoas Minor: Located inside the psoas major. Originates from the sides of the iliac crest and bodies of T12-L1. Inserts at the iliopubic eminence. Innervated by L1. Functions as a weak flexor of the trunk.
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Quadratus Lumborum: Arises from the posterior 5 cm of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament. Inserts at the medial half of the last rib and tips of transverse processes of L1-L4. Innervated by the subcostal nerve (T12) and lumbar nerves L1-L3. Aids in lateral flexion of the trunk and acts as a respiratory muscle.
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Iliacus: Originates from the iliac fossa, upper 2/3 of iliac crest, and the iliolumbar ligament. Inserts with the psoas major into the lesser trochanter of the femur. Innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L4). Assists with thigh flexion and trunk flexion.
Clinical Importance of Psoas Major
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TB Infection: Tuberculosis can spread hematogenously to the vertebrae, especially in children. This may result in a psoas abscess as pus travels from the lumbar region into the psoas sheath.
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Psoas Abscess: Pus tends to migrate down the psoas muscle to the superior thigh, leading to clinical complications.
Lumbar Plexus
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Formed from ventral rami of upper four lumbar nerves (L1-L4).
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Branches:
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Muscular:
- Psoas Minor (L1)
- Psoas Major (L2, L3, L4)
- Quadratus Lumborum (L1, L2, L3)
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Named Branches:
- Iliohypogastric (L1)
- Ilioinguinal (L1)
- Genitofemoral (L1, L2)
- Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh (L2, L3)
- Femoral Nerve (L2, L3, L4)
- Obturator Nerve (L2, L3, L4)
- Accessory Obturator Nerve (L2, L3)
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Relationship of Lumbar Plexus Nerves to Psoas Major
- Anterior Surface: Genitofemoral nerve.
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Lateral Border:
- Iliohypogastric nerve
- Ilioinguinal nerve
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- Femoral nerve
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Medial Border:
- Obturator nerve
- Lumbosacral trunk
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, including the Psoas major, Psoas minor, Quadratus lumborum, and Iliacus. It covers their origins and anatomical significance. Test your knowledge of these important muscles in relation to human anatomy.
