30 Questions
What is a characteristic of muscles in the face?
They have one bony attachment and one insertion into skin
What is the function of the orbicularis oris muscle?
To facilitate speech and facial expression
Which of the following muscles is NOT a muscle of the upper lip?
Depressor labii inferioris
What is the arrangement of the muscles of facial expression?
Around the orifices of the face
What is the primary function of the muscles of facial expression?
To make facial expressions of happiness, sadness, or anger
How many muscles of facial expression are listed in the text?
11
What is the primary function of the muscles of the face?
To guard the openings of the skull
What type of muscles are the muscles of facial expression?
Thin muscles
What is the common feature of muscles of facial expression?
They are all innervated by the facial nerve
What is the arrangement of the muscles of facial expression?
Grouped around the openings of the eyes and mouth
What is the location of the muscles of facial expression?
In the superficial fascia
What is the characteristic of the skin in the face?
Thin with very little fatty tissue
What is the primary function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Closes the eyelids
Which muscle helps to flare the nostrils?
Nasalis
What is the primary function of the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Dilates the lacrimal sac
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
Cranial Nerve VII
What is the primary function of the buccinator muscle?
Presses the cheek against the molar teeth
What is the primary function of the platysma muscle?
Tenses the skin of the lower face and neck
What is the primary function of the facial nerve?
To control facial expressions
Through which foramen does the facial nerve leave the skull and enter the parotid gland?
Stylomastoid foramen
What is the name of the duct that extends across the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator?
Parotid duct
During parotidectomy, what is critical to identify, dissect, and preserve?
The branches of the facial nerve
What is the term for the inflammation and swelling of the parotid gland?
Parotiditis
How many major divisions does the facial nerve divide into within the parotid gland?
5
What is the primary reason for severe pain in parotid swelling?
Pressure on the great auricular nerve
Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the muscles of the forehead and temple?
Temporal branch
What is the function of the frontalis muscle?
Raising the eyebrows
Which muscle is responsible for whistling?
Buccinator muscle
What is the name of the condition that is characterized by lesions in the facial nerve?
All of the above
Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the platysma muscle?
Cervical branch
Study Notes
Muscles of the Face
- Muscles of facial expression: frontalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus major, levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, orbicularis oris, risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis, and platysma
- Muscles around the orifices of the face: orbit, nasal cavity, mouth, and ear
- Muscles of the face are thin, closely applied to the skin, and primarily developed to guard the openings of the skull
- Muscles of facial expression have several features in common:
- Origin from bone and insertion into the skin
- Lie in the superficial fascia
- Innervated by the facial nerve
- Grouped around openings of the eyes and mouth
Muscles Around the Mouth
- Orbicularis oris: a sphincter muscle of the mouth, forms the greater part of the lips, and is used in speech and facial expression
- Muscles of the upper lip: zygomaticus major, levator labii superioris, and levator anguli oris
- Muscles of the lower lip: depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris
- Buccinator: presses the cheek against the molar teeth to keep food between teeth and expels air from the oral cavity
Innervation of the Face
- The motor innervation to muscles of facial expression is Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
- The facial nerve leaves the skull through the stylomastoid foramen and enters the substance of the parotid gland, where it divides into 5 major divisions: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical
- The facial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and forms a plexus within the parotid gland
- Branches of the facial nerve radiate over the face, anastomosing with each other and the branches of the trigeminal nerve
Clinical Significance
- During parotidectomy, identification, dissection, and preservation of the branches of the facial nerve are critical
- Infection of the parotid gland (parotiditis) can cause inflammation and swelling of the gland
- Facial nerve lesions can cause Bell's Palsy or peripheral facial paralysis, with signs depending on the location of the lesion
Learn about the thin muscles of the face, their functions, and how they control the openings of the skull, such as the eyes, nose, and mouth. Discover how they produce characteristic movements that display emotions.
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