Muscles of the Back Cheat Sheet
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Questions and Answers

Qual es le function del musculus Rectus capitis posterior minor?

Extension del capite in le articulation atlantooccipital.

Qual es le innervation del musculus Obliquus capitis inferior?

Nervus spinal C1 (nervus suboccipital).

Qual musculus es involvite in le rotation ipsilaterale del capite?

  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Trapezius
  • Obliquus capitis inferior (correct)

Qual parte del trapezius es responsabile pro le flexion lateral del capite?

<p>Parte descendente (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Le nervus _____ es responsabile pro le elevatio del costales.

<p>intercostales</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le origin del musculus Rhomboid maior?

<p>Processos spinous del vertebrae T2-T5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual nerve perineal è associato con le pareti del vagina femminile?

<p>Nerve pudendal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dove origina il muscolo trasverso perineale profondo?

<p>Rami pubici inferiori, rami ischiatici</p> Signup and view all the answers

Il muscolo perineale superficiale rinforza il pavimento pelvico.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale dei seguenti muscoli mantiene l'erezione?

<p>Muscolo bulbospongioso (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è la funzione del sfintere uretrale esterno nel maschio?

<p>Mantiene la continenza urinaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quali di questi muscoli bloccano la continenza urinaria nelle donne?

<p>Sfinctere uretrale esterno (B), Sfinctere uretrale vaginale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le function del Splenius capitis?

<p>Extende le capite/collo, flexione e rotation lateral del capite (ipsilateral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le origine del Iliocostalis cervicis?

<p>Angle de ribs 3-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual nervios innerva le Longissimus cervicis?

<p>Lateralis ramus de nervios spinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le action bilateral del Erector spinae group?

<p>Extension del columna vertebrali</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le origine del Transversus thoracis?

<p>Superfice inferior del corpo de sternum e cartilages de ribs 2-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le function del Rectus abdominis?

<p>Flexione del tronco, compression del viscera abdominal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le action unilateral del Quadratus lumborum?

<p>Flexione lateral del tronco (ipsilateral)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le innervazione del Subclavius?

<p>Nervio a subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual musculus es responsabile pro le elevation de ribs durante inspiration forcate?

<p>External intercostals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le innervatio del Anterior cercival intertransversarii?

<p>Rami anterior de nervios spinal cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale de illos es un musculus del pelvic diaphragm?

<p>Coccygeus (A), Levator ani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure provides support to the pelvic floor and helps maintain urinary continence?

<p>External urethral sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily associated with the innervation of the perineal body?

<p>Pudendal nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

<p>Supports the pelvic organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deep transverse perineal muscle originates from which structure?

<p>Inferior pubic rami (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the compressor urethrae muscle in males?

<p>Compresses the membranous urethra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for constricting the vaginal canal in females?

<p>Urethrovaginal sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle extends to the anterior aspect of the prostatic urethra in males?

<p>External urethral sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure encircles the urethra and aids in maintaining urinary continence in females?

<p>Urethrovaginal sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Rectus capitis posterior major muscle?

<p>Head extension at the atlantooccipital joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for ipsilateral rotation of the head?

<p>Obliquus capitis inferior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the trapezius is involved in drawing the scapula superomedially?

<p>Descending part (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Serratus posterior superior muscle?

<p>2nd-5th intercostal nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle causes the elevation of the ribs?

<p>Serratus posterior superior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle's unilateral contraction results in contralateral head rotation?

<p>Obliquus capitis superior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure does the Rhomboid major muscle attach to?

<p>Medial border of scapula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?

<p>Spinous processes of T7-T12 and thoracolumbar fascia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Ascending part of the trapezius?

<p>Drawing the scapula inferomedially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Levator scapulae muscle?

<p>C3-C4 anterior rami (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the Latissimus dorsi muscle at the shoulder joint?

<p>Internal rotation of the arm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Rhomboid minor?

<p>Support the position of the scapula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the rhomboid major muscle?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the Serratus posterior inferior muscle?

<p>T9-T12 anterior rami (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Splenius cervicis when contracted unilaterally?

<p>Lateral flexion and rotation of the neck (ipsilateral) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the head and neck during bilateral contraction?

<p>Erector spinae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles assists in the lateral flexion of the spinal column?

<p>Iliocostalis thoracis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Intertransversarii muscles?

<p>Stabilization and lateral flexion of the spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the angle of ribs 7-12?

<p>Iliocostalis thoracis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the Semispinalis capitis muscle?

<p>Greater occipital nerve (C2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Longissimus thoracis during bilateral contraction?

<p>Extension of the thoracic spine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Rotatores longi perform when activated unilaterally?

<p>Rotation of the thoracic spine (contralateral) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are primarily responsible for shoulder adduction and internal rotation?

<p>Pectoralis major (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Multifidus muscles?

<p>Extension and rotation of the spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation for the Spinalis thoracis?

<p>Medial branches of posterior rami (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical area does the Iliocostalis lumborum primarily span?

<p>Lumbar spine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the spine would you find the Interspinales muscles?

<p>Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles draws the scapula anteroinferiorly?

<p>Pectoralis major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles de le Back Superficial (Extrinsic)

  • Musculos suboccipitaux
    • Rectus capitis posterior minor: Originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas; inserts at the medial part of the inferior nuchal line; responsible for head extension at the atlantooccipital joint.
    • Rectus capitis posterior major: Originates from the spinous process of the axis; inserts at the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line; functions in head extension via bilateral contraction.
    • Obliquus capitis inferior: Originates from the spinous process of the axis; inserts on the transverse process of the atlas; innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1; enables head rotation (ipsilateral) and head extension (bilateral).
    • Obliquus capitis superior: Originates from the transverse process of the atlas; inserts at the occipital bone, between the superior and inferior nuchal lines; allows head rotation (contralateral) and lateral flexion (ipsilateral).

Musculature de la Layer Superficial

  • Trapezius

    • Partes: Descendente, Transversale, Ascendente.
    • Descendente: Origin at medial third of superior nuchal line; inserts at lateral third of clavicle; facilitates scapula movement and head/neck extension.
    • Transversale: From spinous processes of vertebrae T1-T4 or C7-T3 to the acromion and spine of scapula; assists in medial scapular movement.
    • Ascendente: From spinous processes of vertebrae T5-T12 to the medial end of the spine of scapula; draws scapula inferomedially and supports scapular position during movement.

  • Levator scapulae: Originates from transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4; inserts at medial border of scapula; elevates scapula and enables lateral flexion of the neck.

  • Rhomboids

    • Rhomboid major: Originates from spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5; inserts at medial border of scapula; draws scapula superomedially and stabilizes its position.
    • Rhomboid minor: Originates from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1; inserts at the root of the spine of scapula similar to the major.

  • Latissimus dorsi: Originates from spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest; inserts at intertubercular sulcus of the humerus; facilitates arm internal rotation, adduction, and extension while assisting in respiration.

Musculature de la Layer Intermediate

  • Serratus posterior superior: Originates from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3; inserts on superior borders of ribs 2-5; function is to elevate ribs during respiration.

Muscles de le Trunco

  • Muscles de le Cage Thoracique

    • Pectoralis Major

      • Origina de superficie anterior de clavicula e sternum
      • Inserta in cresta de tuberculo major de humerus
      • Innervate per nervios pectorales laterale e mediale
      • Functions includi adduction, rotation interna e flexion del brachio

    • Pectoralis Minor

      • Origina de superficie anterior de cartilages de ribs 3-5
      • Inserta in processus coracoide de scapula
      • Innervate per nervio pectoral mediale
      • Stabilisa scapula e la trae anteroinferiormente

    • Serratus Anterior

      • Origina de ribs 1-2, 3-6
      • Inserta in superficie medial de scapula
      • Innervate per nervio toracico long
      • Functions incluyen elevando costillas durante inspiration

  • Muscles de le Parete Abdominal

    • External Abdominal Oblique

      • Origina de superficies externas de ribs 5-12
      • Inserta in linea alba e cresta de pubis
      • Innervate per nervios intercostales e subcostal
      • Flexion del trunco, compressio de viscera abdominal

    • Internal Abdominal Oblique

      • Origina de cresta iliaca e fascia thoracolumbalis
      • Inserta en linea alba, cresta de pubis
      • Functions simili al external oblique

    • Rectus Abdominis

      • Origina de symphysis pubica
      • Inserta en processus xiphoideus e costales 5-7
      • Flexes trunco e compresses viscera abdominal

Muscles de le Pelvic Floor

  • Levatores Ani

    • Comprende Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus
    • Supporta viscera pelvic, augmente pression intraabdominal

  • Coccygeus

    • Origina de spina ischiòpica
    • Inserta en sacro e coccyx
    • Flexe coccyx e supporta viscera pelvic

Muscles de le Musculature Profunde

  • Muscles Transversospinales

    • Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
      • Origina en processus trasversos
      • Functions includi extension e rotation del columna
    • Multifidus
      • Supporte stabilitate del columna e contribui a rotation
    • Rotatores
      • Facilita rotation del vertebrae

  • Intertransversarii e Interspinales

    • Stabilizza movimento del columna, supporta flexion laterali

Muscles de le Respiration

  • Diaphragma

    • Primario musculo de respiration
    • Contracts per inspirar, depresses costales cartilages
    • Innervate per nervios phrenicos

  • Intercostales Muscles

    • Externos elevan costillas durante inspiration
    • Internos depresses costillas durante expiration
    • Innermost similar a internos, stabiliza espacia intercostales

Muscles de le Trunco

  • Roles essenciales in fibrosamento e stabilitate del columna
  • Muscles profundes intercambia con movimenti de flexion, extension, e rotation, maxime per manter le posture correcta

Muscles Anterolaterales

  • Subclavius

    • Stabiliza e depresses clavicule

  • Transversus Thoracis

    • Depressa cartilages costales

Conclusiones

  • Musculos de 'thoracic cage', abdomen, e pelvic floor sono fundamental pro respiration, stabilitate e movimenti functionale del corpo.### Musculos del Perineo e sua Funções

  • Nervios involucrados: Nervo perineal e nervo pudendal (S2-S4) son responsabile pro le innervation de musculos e structuras in le perineo.

  • Musculus perineal profunde: Mantene erection in le penis e clitoris, contribuente a regule le flux de sanguine in iste structuras.

  • Musculus perineal transverse profunde: Origina in le rami inferior del pubis e ischios, junction con le corpo perineal, supporta le parete vaginal in feminas e le prostata in masculinos.

  • Musculus transverse perineal superficiale: Origina in le tuberositates ischial, supporta le corpo perineal e stabiliza le organos viscera abdominopelvica.

  • Sphincter urethral exterior:

    • In masculinos, circumfere le uretra membranosa e se extende a le caput del prostata, mantene continence urinaria con le compressione de uretra.
    • In femininos, circumfere le uretra e le vaso, supportando le continence urinaria e constriction del canal vaginal.

Conquista de Musculos

  • Ha completato le chartas de musculos del trunc, ma il existe plure musculos in le extremitates inferior e superior, ben como in le capite e collo, que debe esser studiate.
  • Accesso a chartas de musculos pro cada regione del corpore pro continnuar le apprendimento.

Muscles de le Back Superficial (Extrinsic)

  • Musculos suboccipitaux
    • Rectus capitis posterior minor: Originates from the posterior tubercle of the atlas; inserts at the medial part of the inferior nuchal line; responsible for head extension at the atlantooccipital joint.
    • Rectus capitis posterior major: Originates from the spinous process of the axis; inserts at the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line; functions in head extension via bilateral contraction.
    • Obliquus capitis inferior: Originates from the spinous process of the axis; inserts on the transverse process of the atlas; innervated by the posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1; enables head rotation (ipsilateral) and head extension (bilateral).
    • Obliquus capitis superior: Originates from the transverse process of the atlas; inserts at the occipital bone, between the superior and inferior nuchal lines; allows head rotation (contralateral) and lateral flexion (ipsilateral).

Musculature de la Layer Superficial

  • Trapezius

    • Partes: Descendente, Transversale, Ascendente.
    • Descendente: Origin at medial third of superior nuchal line; inserts at lateral third of clavicle; facilitates scapula movement and head/neck extension.
    • Transversale: From spinous processes of vertebrae T1-T4 or C7-T3 to the acromion and spine of scapula; assists in medial scapular movement.
    • Ascendente: From spinous processes of vertebrae T5-T12 to the medial end of the spine of scapula; draws scapula inferomedially and supports scapular position during movement.

  • Levator scapulae: Originates from transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4; inserts at medial border of scapula; elevates scapula and enables lateral flexion of the neck.

  • Rhomboids

    • Rhomboid major: Originates from spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5; inserts at medial border of scapula; draws scapula superomedially and stabilizes its position.
    • Rhomboid minor: Originates from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1; inserts at the root of the spine of scapula similar to the major.

  • Latissimus dorsi: Originates from spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest; inserts at intertubercular sulcus of the humerus; facilitates arm internal rotation, adduction, and extension while assisting in respiration.

Musculature de la Layer Intermediate

  • Serratus posterior superior: Originates from nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3; inserts on superior borders of ribs 2-5; function is to elevate ribs during respiration.

Muscles de le Trunco

  • Muscles de le Cage Thoracique

    • Pectoralis Major

      • Origina de superficie anterior de clavicula e sternum
      • Inserta in cresta de tuberculo major de humerus
      • Innervate per nervios pectorales laterale e mediale
      • Functions includi adduction, rotation interna e flexion del brachio

    • Pectoralis Minor

      • Origina de superficie anterior de cartilages de ribs 3-5
      • Inserta in processus coracoide de scapula
      • Innervate per nervio pectoral mediale
      • Stabilisa scapula e la trae anteroinferiormente

    • Serratus Anterior

      • Origina de ribs 1-2, 3-6
      • Inserta in superficie medial de scapula
      • Innervate per nervio toracico long
      • Functions incluyen elevando costillas durante inspiration

  • Muscles de le Parete Abdominal

    • External Abdominal Oblique

      • Origina de superficies externas de ribs 5-12
      • Inserta in linea alba e cresta de pubis
      • Innervate per nervios intercostales e subcostal
      • Flexion del trunco, compressio de viscera abdominal

    • Internal Abdominal Oblique

      • Origina de cresta iliaca e fascia thoracolumbalis
      • Inserta en linea alba, cresta de pubis
      • Functions simili al external oblique

    • Rectus Abdominis

      • Origina de symphysis pubica
      • Inserta en processus xiphoideus e costales 5-7
      • Flexes trunco e compresses viscera abdominal

Muscles de le Pelvic Floor

  • Levatores Ani

    • Comprende Puborectalis, Pubococcygeus, Iliococcygeus
    • Supporta viscera pelvic, augmente pression intraabdominal

  • Coccygeus

    • Origina de spina ischiòpica
    • Inserta en sacro e coccyx
    • Flexe coccyx e supporta viscera pelvic

Muscles de le Musculature Profunde

  • Muscles Transversospinales

    • Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
      • Origina en processus trasversos
      • Functions includi extension e rotation del columna
    • Multifidus
      • Supporte stabilitate del columna e contribui a rotation
    • Rotatores
      • Facilita rotation del vertebrae

  • Intertransversarii e Interspinales

    • Stabilizza movimento del columna, supporta flexion laterali

Muscles de le Respiration

  • Diaphragma

    • Primario musculo de respiration
    • Contracts per inspirar, depresses costales cartilages
    • Innervate per nervios phrenicos

  • Intercostales Muscles

    • Externos elevan costillas durante inspiration
    • Internos depresses costillas durante expiration
    • Innermost similar a internos, stabiliza espacia intercostales

Muscles de le Trunco

  • Roles essenciales in fibrosamento e stabilitate del columna
  • Muscles profundes intercambia con movimenti de flexion, extension, e rotation, maxime per manter le posture correcta

Muscles Anterolaterales

  • Subclavius

    • Stabiliza e depresses clavicule

  • Transversus Thoracis

    • Depressa cartilages costales

Conclusiones

  • Musculos de 'thoracic cage', abdomen, e pelvic floor sono fundamental pro respiration, stabilitate e movimenti functionale del corpo.### Musculos del Perineo e sua Funções

  • Nervios involucrados: Nervo perineal e nervo pudendal (S2-S4) son responsabile pro le innervation de musculos e structuras in le perineo.

  • Musculus perineal profunde: Mantene erection in le penis e clitoris, contribuente a regule le flux de sanguine in iste structuras.

  • Musculus perineal transverse profunde: Origina in le rami inferior del pubis e ischios, junction con le corpo perineal, supporta le parete vaginal in feminas e le prostata in masculinos.

  • Musculus transverse perineal superficiale: Origina in le tuberositates ischial, supporta le corpo perineal e stabiliza le organos viscera abdominopelvica.

  • Sphincter urethral exterior:

    • In masculinos, circumfere le uretra membranosa e se extende a le caput del prostata, mantene continence urinaria con le compressione de uretra.
    • In femininos, circumfere le uretra e le vaso, supportando le continence urinaria e constriction del canal vaginal.

Conquista de Musculos

  • Ha completato le chartas de musculos del trunc, ma il existe plure musculos in le extremitates inferior e superior, ben como in le capite e collo, que debe esser studiate.
  • Accesso a chartas de musculos pro cada regione del corpore pro continnuar le apprendimento.

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Description

Este quiz examina le musculatura superficiale del dorso, inclusi le musculi suboccipital. Concentra te super le origines, inserciones, innervaciones e functiones de iste musculi. Perfecte pro studentes in anatomia e fisiologia.

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