en_trunk_wall_english.pdf

Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Trunk Wall: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com  Superficial (Extrinsic) muscles of back Suboccipital Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Rectus capitis Po...

Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Trunk Wall: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com  Superficial (Extrinsic) muscles of back Suboccipital Origin Insertion Innervation Function muscles Rectus capitis Posterior tubercle of Medial part of inferior Atlantooccipital joint: Head posterior minor atlas nuchal line extension Rectus capitis Lateral part of inferior Bilateral contraction - Spinous process of axis posterior major nuchal line Atlantooccipital joint: Head extension Obliquus capitis Transverse process of Unilateral contraction - Spinous process of axis inferior atlas Posterior ramus of Atlantoaxial joint: Head spinal nerve C1 rotation (ipsilateral) (suboccipital nerve) Bilateral contraction - Atlantooccipital joint: Head extension Occipital bone (between Obliquus capitis Transverse process of superior and inferior superior atlas Unilateral contraction - nuchal lines) Atlantoaxial joint: Head rotation (contralateral), Head lateral flexion (ipsilateral) Superficial Origin Insertion Innervation Function layer Descending part: Scapulothoracic joint: Descending part: Medial Draws scapula third of superior nuchal superomedially; line, External occipital Atlantooccipital joint/ protuberance, Spinous Descending part: Lateral upper cervical vertebrae: processes of cervical third of clavicle Motor: Extension of head and neck, vertebrae/Nuchal Accessory nerve (CN XI) Lateral flexion of head and ligament Transverse part: Medial neck (ipsilateral); aspect of acromion, Trapezius Sensory: Altantoaxial joint: Rotation Transverse part: Broad Superior crest of spine of Anterior rami of spinal of head (contralateral) aponeurosis at spinous scapula nerves C3-C4 (via cervical Transverse part: processes of vertebrae plexus) Scapulothoracic joint: T1-T4 (or C7-T3) Ascending part: Medial Draws scapula medially end of spine of scapula Ascending part: Ascending part: Spinous Scapulothoracic joint: processes of vertebrae Draws scapula T5-T12 (or T2-T12) inferomedially (All parts support scapula) Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula Medial border of scapula Anterior rami of spinal Levator Transverse processes of superomedially, Rotates (from superior angle to nerves C3-C4, Dorsal scapulae vertebrae C1-C4 glenoid cavity inferiorly; root of spine of scapula) scapular nerve (C5) Cervical joints: Lateral flexion of neck (ipsilateral) Medial border of scapula Rhomboid Spinous process of (from inferior angle to Scapulothoracic joint: major vertebrae T2-T5 root of spine of scapula) Draws scapula Dorsal scapular nerve superomedially, Rotates (C5) Nuchal ligament, Spinous glenoid cavity inferiorly; Rhomboid Root (medial end) of spine processes of vertebrae Supports position of scapula minor of scapula C7-T1 Vertebral part: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12, Thoracolumbar Shoulder joint: Arm internal fascia Intertubercular sulcus of Thoracodorsal nerve (C6- rotation, Arm adduction, Latissimus dorsi Iliac part: Posterior third humerus C8) Arm extension; Assists in of crest of ilium respiration Costal part: Ribs 9-12 Scapular part: Inferior angle of scapula Intermediate Origin Insertion Innervation Function layer Serratus Nuchal ligament, spinous Superior borders of ribs 2nd-5th Intercostal posterior processes of vertebrae Elevates ribs 2-5 nerves superior C7-T3 Anterior rami of spinal Serratus Spinous processes of Inferior borders of ribs nerves T9-T12 (a.k.a. Depresses ribs/ Draws ribs posterior inferior vertebrae T11-L2 9-12 9th-11th Intercostal inferoposteriorly nerves + subcostal nerve)  Deep (Intrinsic) muscles of back Superficial layer Origin Insertion Innervation Function Bilateral contraction - Lateral superior nuchal Spinous processes of Lateral branches of Extends head/neck line of occipital bone, Splenius capitis vertebrae C7-T3, nuchal posterior rami of spinal Unilateral contraction - Mastoid process of ligament nerves C2-C3 Lateral flexion and rotation temporal bone of head (ipsilateral) Bilateral contraction - Lateral branches of Extends neck Splenius Spinous processes of Transverse processes of posterior rami of lower Unilateral contraction - cervicis vertebrae T3-T6 vertebrae C1-C3 cervical spinal nerves Lateral flexion and rotation of neck (ipsilateral)  Intermediate Origin Insertion Innervation Function layer Iliocostalis cervicis: Angle of Iliocostalis cervicis: ribs 3-6 Transverse processes of vertebrae C4-C6 Iliocostalis thoracis: Angle of Iliocostalis thoracis: Bilateral contraction - ribs 7-12 Angles of ribs 1-6, Extension of spine Transverse process of Iliocostalis vertebra C7 Unilateral contraction - Lateral flexion of spine Iliocostalis lumborum: Lateral Iliocostalis lumborum: (ipsilateral) crest of sacrum, Medial end of Angle of ribs 5-12, iliac crest, Thoracolumbar Transverse processes of fascia vertebrae L1-L4 (+ Adjacent thoracolumbar fascia) Longissimus capitis: Longissimus capitis: Transverse processes of Mastoid process of Entire muscle: Erector spinae group vertebrae C4-T5 temporal bone Bilateral contraction - Extension of spine Longissimus cervicis: Longissimus cervicis: Lateral branches of Unilateral contraction - Transverse processes of Transverse processes of posterior rami of Lateral flexion of spine vertebrae T1-T5 vertebrae C2-C6 spinal nerves (ipsilateral) Longissimus thoracis: Longissimus thoracis: Longissimus capitis Longissimus Lumbar part: Lumbar Lumbar part: Accessory only: intermuscular aponeurosis, and transverse processes Bilateral contraction - anteromedial aspect of ilium, of vertebrae L1-L5 Extension of head and Posterior sacroiliac ligament neck Unilateral contraction - Thoracic part: Spinous and Thoracic part: Lateral flexion and transverse processes of Transverse process of rotation of head vertebrae L1-L5, Median sacral vertebrae T1-T12, Angles (ipsilateral) crest, Posterior surface of of ribs 7-12 sacrum , Posterior iliac crest Spinalis cervicis: Spinous Spinalis cervicis: Spinous Bilateral contraction - processes of vertebrae C7-T1, processes of vertebrae Extension of cervical Nuchal ligament C2-C4 and thoracic spine Spinalis Spinalis thoracis: Spinous Spinalis thoracis: Spinous Unilateral contraction - processes of vertebrae T11-L2 processes of vertebrae Lateral flexion of T2-T8 cervical and thoracic spine (ipsilateral)  Deep layer Origin Insertion Innervation Function Semispinalis capitis: Bilateral contraction - Semispinalis capitis: Articular Between superior and Semispinalis capitis: Extension of head, processes of vertebrae C4-C7, inferior nuchal lines of Descending branches cervical and thoracic Transverse processes of vertebrae occipital bone of greater occipital spine T1-T6 nerve (C2) and spinal Semispinalis cervicis: nerve C3 Unilateral contraction - Semispinalis Semispinalis cervicis: Transverse Spinous processes of Lateral flexion of head, processes of vertebrae T1-T6 vertebrae C2-C5 Semispinalis cervicis/ cervical and thoracic thoracis: Medial spine (ipsilateral), Semispinalis thoracis: Transverse Semispinalis thoracis: branches of posterior Rotation of head, processes of vertebrae T6-T10 Spinous processes of rami of spinal nerves cervical and thoracic vertebrae C6-T4 spine (contralateral) Multifidus cervicis: Superior Transversospinales group articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 Bilateral contraction - Multifidus thoracis: Transverse Lateral aspect and Extension of spine process of thoracic vertebrae tips of spinous Multifidus processes of Unilateral contraction - Multifidus lumborum: Mammillary vertebrae 2-5 levels Lateral flexion of spine processes of lumbar vertebrae, above origin (ipsilateral), Rotation of Posterior aspect of sacrum, spine (contralateral) Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Medial branches of of ilium, Posterior sacroiliac posterior rami of ligament spinal nerves Rotatores breves: Laminae/Spinous Bilateral contraction - Rotatores breves: Transverse process of vertebra Extension of thoracic Rotatores processes of vertebrae T2-T12 (1 level above origin) spine breves and longi Rotatores longi: Transverse Rotatores longi: Unilateral contraction - processes of thoracic vertebrae Laminae/Spinous Rotation of thoracic process of vertebra spine (contralateral) (2 levels above origin) Deepest layer Origin Insertion Innervation Function Interspinales cervicis: Interspinales cervicis: Superior aspect of Inferior aspect of spinous processes of vertebrae spinous processes of C1-C6 vertebrae C2-C7 Interspinales thoracis: Interspinales thoracis: Inferior aspect of spinous Superior aspect of processes of vertebrae T1, spinous process of T10 & T11 Posterior rami of spinal Extension of cervical and Interspinales vertebrae T2, T11 & T12 nerves lumbar spine (variable) Interspinales Interspinales lumborum: lumborum: Superior Inferior aspects of aspects of spinous spinous processes of vertebrae L1-L4 processes of vertebrae L2-L5 Anterior/posterior Anterior/posterior Anterior cervical cervical cervical intertransversarii: intertransversarii: intertransversarii: Anterior and posterior Superior border of Inferior border of rami of cervical spinal transverse processes of transverse process of nerves vertebrae C2-T1 superior adjacent cervical vertebra Medial lumbar Assists in lateral flexion of Intertransversarii intertransversarii: Medial lumbar the spine; Stabilises spine Accessory processes of intertransversarii: Lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 Mammillary process of intertransversarii: succeeding vertebra Anterior rami of lumbar Lateral lumbar spinal nerves intertransversarii: Lateral lumbar Transverse and intertransversarii: accessory processes of Transverse process of vertebrae L1-L4 succeeding vertebra Superior border/external Levatores Transverse process of Posterior rami of spinal Elevation of ribs; Rotation surface of rib (one level costarum vertebrae C7-T11 nerves T1-T12 of thoracic spine below origin)  Anterolateral muscles of trunk Muscles of Origin Insertion Innervation Function thoracic cage Clavicular head: anterior surface of clavicle Shoulder joint: Arm (medial half) adduction, Arm internal rotation, Arm flexion Sternocostal head: (clavicular head), arm Pectoralis Anterior surface of Crest of greater tubercle Lateral and medial extension (sternocostal major sternum, Costal of humerus (all heads) pectoral nerves (C5-T1) head); cartilages of ribs 1-6 Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula Abdominal (Rectus) head: anteroinferiorly Anterior layer of rectus sheath Scapulothoracic joint: Medial border and Pectoralis Anterior surface, Costal Medial pectoral nerve Draws scapula coracoid process of minor cartilages of ribs 3-5 (C8-T1) anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula scapula on thoracic wall Muscles of Origin Insertion Innervation Function thoracic cage Superior part: Anterior Superior part: Ribs 1-2, and posterior surface of superior angle of scapula Intercostal fascia Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula Middle part: Anterior Serratus Middle part: Ribs-3-6 Long thoracic nerve anterolaterally, Suspends surface of entire medial anterior (C5-C7) scapula on thoracic wall, border of scapula Inferior part: Ribs Rotates scapula (draws 7-8/9/10 (+ external inferiorly angle laterally) Inferior part: Anterior and oblique muscle) posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Sternoclavicular joint: Costal cartilage, Sternal Anteroinferior surface of Nerve to subclavius Subclavius Anchors and depresses end of rib 1 middle third of clavicle (C5-C6) clavicle Elevate ribs during forced External inspiration; Supports Inferior border of ribs intercostals intercostal spaces and thoracic cage Superior border of Internal immediate rib below intercostals Costal groove of ribs Depresses ribs during Innermost Intercostal nerves forced expiration; Supports intercostals intercostal spaces and thoracic cage Subcostal Internal surface of ribs Internal surface of rib muscles (near angle of rib) (2-3 levels below origin) Inferoposterior surface Transversus Internal surface of costal of body of sternum and Depresses costal cartilages thoracis cartilages of ribs 2-6 xiphoid process Sternal part: Posterior aspect of xiphoid process Costal part: Internal surfaces of lower costal cartilages and ribs 7-12 Phrenic nerves (C3-C5) Depresses costal cartilages, Respiratory Central tendon of (Sensory innervation of Primary muscle of breathing diaphragm Lumbar part: Medial and diaphragm peripheries via 6th-11th (inspiration) lateral arcuate ligaments intercostal nerves) (lumbocostal arches), Bodies of vertebrae L1-L3 (+ intervertebral discs), Anterior longitudinal ligament Muscles of Origin Insertion Innervation Function abdominal wall Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, Compresses abdominal viscera, Intercostal nerves (T7- External Linea alba, Pubic Expiration External surfaces of ribs T11), Subcostal nerve abdominal tubercle, Anterior half of 5-12 (T12), Iliohypogastric oblique iliac crest Unilateral contraction - nerve (L1) Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), Trunk rotation (contralateral) Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, Compresses Intercostal nerves (T7- abdominal viscera, Anterior two-thirds of Inferior borders of ribs Internal T11), Subcostal nerve Expiration iliac crest, Iliopectineal 10-12, Linea alba, Pubic abdominal (T12), Iliohypogastric arch, Thoracolumbar crest, Pecten pubis (via oblique nerve (L1), Ilioinguinal Unilateral contraction - fascia conjoint tendon) nerve (L1) Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), Trunk rotation (ipsilateral) Lateral part: Lower edge of internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles, Genital branch of Cremaster Middle of inguinal Tunica vaginalis of testis genitofemoral nerve Retraction of testis ligament (L1, L2) Medial part: Pubic tubercle, Lateral part of pubic crest Internal surfaces of Bilateral contraction - Linea alba, Aponeurosis Intercostal nerves (T7- costal cartilages of ribs Compresses abdominal of internal abdominal T11), Subcostal nerve Transversus 7-12, Thoracolumbar viscera, Expiration oblique muscle; Pubic (T12), Iliohypogastric abdominis fascia, Anterior two crest, Pectinal line of nerve (L1), Ilioinguinal thirds of iliac crest, Unilateral contraction - pubis nerve (L1) Iliopectineal arch Trunk rotation (ipsilateral) Trunk flexion, Compresses Rectus Pubic symphysis, Pubic Xiphoid process, Costal Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), abdominal viscera, abdominis crest cartilages of ribs 5-7 Subcostal nerve (T12) Expiration Pubic crest, Pubic Pyramidalis Linea alba Subcostal nerve (T12) Tenses linea alba symphysis Bilateral contraction - Fixes Ribs 12 during Inferior border of rib 12, Subcostal nerve (T12), inspiration, Trunk extension Quadratus Iliac crest, Iliolumbar Transverse processes of Anterior rami of spinal lumborum ligament vertebrae L1-L4 nerves L1-L4 Unilateral contraction - Lateral flexion of trunk (ipsilateral)  Muscles of pelvic floor Pelvic diaphragm Origin Insertion Innervation Function Posterior surface of None (forms 'puborectal Puborectalis Nerve to levator ani bodies of pubic bones sling' posterior to rectum) (S4) Anococcygeal ligament, Supports pelvic viscera, Levator ani Posterior surface of Coccyx, Perineal body and (Pubococcygeus also Increases intraabdominal Pubococcygeus bodies of pubic bones musculature of prostate/ receives branches via pressure, Assists with (lateral to puborectalis) vagina inferior rectal/ fecal and urinary perineal branches of continence Tendinous arch of interal pudendal nerve Anococcygeal ligament, Iliococcygeus obturator fascia, Ischial (S2-S4)) Coccyx spine Inferior end of sacrum, Anterior rami of spinal Supports pelvic viscera, Coccygeus Ischial spine Coccyx nerves S4 & S5 Flexes coccyx Ischiopubic ramus, Greater trochanter of Nerve to obturator Obturator internus Posterior surface of femur internus (L5-S2) Hip joint: Thigh external obturator membrane rotation, Thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Anterior surface of S2-S4 Stabilises head of femur segments of sacrum, Greater trochanter of Nerve to piriformis in acetabulum Piriformis Superior margin of femur (S1, S2) greater sciatic notch, Sacrotuberous ligament Perineal muscles Origin Insertion Innervation Function Perineal body, Inferior anal/rectal External anal Skin/fascia surrounding anal Constricts anal canal, Anococcygeal ligament branch of pudendal sphincter canal/anus Supports pelvic floor (encircles anus) nerve (S2-S4) Male: Perineal Male: Compresses bulb of penis during urination/ membrane, Dorsal aspect ejaculation, Assists in of corpus spongiosum Male: Perineal body, Median erection of penis, and corpora cavernosa, penile raphe Supports perineal body Bulbospongiosus Fascia of bulb of penis Female: Perineal body Female: Assists in Female: Pubic arch, Fascia erection of clitoris/bulb of corpora cavernosa and of vestibule, Supports clitoris perineal body Pushes blood from root of clitoris/penis to body Ischiocavernosus Ischial tuberosity & ramus Crus of clitrois or penis i.e. maintains erection of Deep branch of penis/clitoris perineal nerve (of Walls of vagina (female)/ pudendal nerve) Deep transverse Inferior pubic rami, Ischial Prostate (male) Perineal (S2-S4) perineal muscle rami body Strengthens pelvic floor/ perineal body to support Superficial abdominopelvic viscera transverse perineal Ischial tuberosities Perineal body muscle Male: encircles membranous urethra, extends to anterior aspect prostatic urethra/neck of urinary bladder and to Maintains urinary ischial rami (compressor urethrae) continence (compresses External urethral urethra) sphincter Female: encircles urethra/neck of bladder, extends to (Female: Constricts ischial rami (compressor urethrae), encircles urethra/ vaginal canal) vagina (urethrovaginal sphincter)  Complete your muscle charts collection Congratulations - you’ve conquered the origins, insertions, innervations and functions of the muscles of the trunk! But there’s still a lot of muscles to learn, so don’t stop here. The next step is to master the lower limb, upper limb and head & neck muscles. Luckily, we have muscle charts on every region of the body. Click below to learn more. Cheat Sheet (English Terminology) Head and Neck: Muscle Charts www.kenhub.com LEARN MORE