Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the correct boundary of the superolateral aspect of the suboccipital triangle?
What is the correct boundary of the superolateral aspect of the suboccipital triangle?
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a part of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a part of the intrinsic back muscles?
Which structure is found in the contents of the suboccipital triangle?
Which structure is found in the contents of the suboccipital triangle?
Which of the following muscles is classified as a deep muscle of the back?
Which of the following muscles is classified as a deep muscle of the back?
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What serves as the roof of the suboccipital triangle?
What serves as the roof of the suboccipital triangle?
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What primary action is performed by the muscles that laterally bend and rotate the neck?
What primary action is performed by the muscles that laterally bend and rotate the neck?
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Which muscle group is NOT part of the intermediate layer of the deep muscles of the back?
Which muscle group is NOT part of the intermediate layer of the deep muscles of the back?
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Which of the following correctly lists the groups of muscles in the deep layer of the back?
Which of the following correctly lists the groups of muscles in the deep layer of the back?
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Which muscle fibers are organized parallel to the spinous processes of the spine?
Which muscle fibers are organized parallel to the spinous processes of the spine?
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What is the function of the Interspinales muscles?
What is the function of the Interspinales muscles?
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Study Notes
Suboccipital Region
- Located around the articulation between the skull and superior end of the vertebral column.
- Includes the occipital portion of the skull, atlas, and axis.
- Lies deep to the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles.
- Superficial location of the greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2).
Suboccipital Muscles
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor: Attaches to the posterior tubercle of the atlas and the occipital bone.
- Rectus Capitis Posterior Major: Attaches to the spinous process of the axis and the occipital bone.
- Obliquus Capitis Superior: Attaches to the transverse process of the atlas and the occipital bone.
- Obliquus Capitis Inferior: Attaches to the spinous process of the axis and the transverse process of the atlas.
Suboccipital Triangle
- Boundaries: Obliquus Capitis Superior (superolateral), Obliquus Capitis Inferior (inferolateral), Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (superomedial).
- Contents: Vertebral artery and C1 dorsal ramus (suboccipital nerve).
- Floor: Posterior arch of the atlas and the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane.
- Roof: Semispinalis capitis and longissimus capitis muscles.
Deep Muscles of the Back
- Act on the movements of the vertebral column.
Classifications of Back Muscles
- Superficial: Trapezius, latissimus dorsi.
- Intermediate: Serratus posterior superior and inferior.
- Deep (True Back Muscles): Intrinsic muscles that directly act on the vertebral column.
Thoracolumbar Fascia
- Invests the deep muscles of the back.
- Thick and trilaminar at the lumbar level, composed of anterior, middle, and posterior layers.
Deep Muscles of the Back - Layers
-
Superficial Layer:
- Fibers course from medial to lateral.
- Includes splenius cervicis and splenius capitis muscles.
-
Function:
- One Side: Laterally bend and rotate the neck to the same side (face turns to the same side).
- Both Sides: Extension of the head (capitis) and extension of the neck (cervicis).
-
Intermediate Layer (Erector Spinae/Sacrospinalis Muscle):
- Muscle fibers parallel to the spinous processes.
- Divided into three groups: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinales.
- Each group is further divided into three parts based on their level (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, capitis).
-
Deep Layer (Transversospinales Muscle):
- Fibers course from lateral to medial.
- Divided into three groups: semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores.
- Semispinalis: Thoracis, cervicis, capitis.
- Multifidus: Found at all levels of the vertebral column.
- Rotatores: Thoracis, cervicis, capitis.
Additional Muscles
- Interspinales: Between the spinous processes.
- Intertransversarii: Between the transverse processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the suboccipital region, including its muscles and triangle. This quiz covers the key structures such as the rectus capitis muscles and the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle. Perfect for students of anatomy and related fields.
