Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic distinguishes skeletal muscle from both cardiac and smooth muscle?
Which characteristic distinguishes skeletal muscle from both cardiac and smooth muscle?
- The presence of striations within the muscle fibers.
- Attachment primarily to bones for movement. (correct)
- Involuntary control via the autonomic nervous system.
- The ability to regulate blood flow through contraction.
During a weightlifting exercise, a person strains to lift a heavy barbell. Which of the following best describes the muscular action at the origin of the working muscle?
During a weightlifting exercise, a person strains to lift a heavy barbell. Which of the following best describes the muscular action at the origin of the working muscle?
- The location where the muscle receives the most blood supply during exertion.
- The area where the muscle is most susceptible to injury during heavy lifting.
- The point where the muscle contraction causes the most visible movement.
- The attachment point on the bone that moves the least during the exercise. (correct)
A patient reports experiencing myalgia after starting a new, intense workout routine. Which factor is the least likely contributor to their muscle pain?
A patient reports experiencing myalgia after starting a new, intense workout routine. Which factor is the least likely contributor to their muscle pain?
- A bacterial infection causing inflammation within the muscle tissue. (correct)
- Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) from unfamiliar exercises.
- Muscle strain due to overexertion and inadequate warm-up.
- Tension from prolonged muscle contraction and stress.
An athlete is diagnosed with tendinopathy in their elbow after increasing their training volume too quickly. Which of the following intrinsic factors most likely contributed to this condition?
An athlete is diagnosed with tendinopathy in their elbow after increasing their training volume too quickly. Which of the following intrinsic factors most likely contributed to this condition?
Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of smooth and cardiac muscle tissues?
Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of smooth and cardiac muscle tissues?
Following a minor fall, an elderly person experiences shoulder pain. They are diagnosed with a mild rotator cuff tendinopathy. Besides R.I.C.E., which of the following factors would be least relevant in their recovery plan?
Following a minor fall, an elderly person experiences shoulder pain. They are diagnosed with a mild rotator cuff tendinopathy. Besides R.I.C.E., which of the following factors would be least relevant in their recovery plan?
A doctor explains that a patient has injured the insertion point of their biceps muscle. What area is the doctor referring to?
A doctor explains that a patient has injured the insertion point of their biceps muscle. What area is the doctor referring to?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible?
The Orbicularis oculi muscle facilitates which action?
The Orbicularis oculi muscle facilitates which action?
What movement occurs when both the left and right Sternocleidomastoid muscles contract?
What movement occurs when both the left and right Sternocleidomastoid muscles contract?
Which action does the Serratus Anterior muscle perform on the scapula?
Which action does the Serratus Anterior muscle perform on the scapula?
Which group of muscles is known for holding the humeral head onto the glenoid fossa?
Which group of muscles is known for holding the humeral head onto the glenoid fossa?
What is the main action of the Supraspinatus muscle?
What is the main action of the Supraspinatus muscle?
If a person is having difficulty laterally rotating their arm, which muscle might be affected?
If a person is having difficulty laterally rotating their arm, which muscle might be affected?
Which muscle originates on the spinous processes of C5-T5?
Which muscle originates on the spinous processes of C5-T5?
What is the insertion point of the Temporalis muscle?
What is the insertion point of the Temporalis muscle?
Which muscle is primarily involved in the action of wrinkling the forehead?
Which muscle is primarily involved in the action of wrinkling the forehead?
During elbow flexion, which muscle acts as the primary mover (agonist)?
During elbow flexion, which muscle acts as the primary mover (agonist)?
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by branched cells, intercalated discs, and involuntary control?
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by branched cells, intercalated discs, and involuntary control?
A patient reports pain and weakness after a strenuous workout. The doctor diagnoses a grade 2 muscle strain. What does this indicate?
A patient reports pain and weakness after a strenuous workout. The doctor diagnoses a grade 2 muscle strain. What does this indicate?
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for extending the head and elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula?
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for extending the head and elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula?
What type of muscle contraction occurs when a weightlifter slowly lowers a heavy barbell during a bicep curl?
What type of muscle contraction occurs when a weightlifter slowly lowers a heavy barbell during a bicep curl?
Which muscle is responsible for the action of pursing the lips, such as when kissing?
Which muscle is responsible for the action of pursing the lips, such as when kissing?
A patient has difficulty abducting their fingers. Which group of muscles is MOST likely affected?
A patient has difficulty abducting their fingers. Which group of muscles is MOST likely affected?
In the context of muscle attachments, what is the 'origin' of a muscle?
In the context of muscle attachments, what is the 'origin' of a muscle?
Which of the following is a common cause of tendinopathy?
Which of the following is a common cause of tendinopathy?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for forearm pronation?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for forearm pronation?
A weightlifter is performing a barbell curl. Which of the following muscles is NOT directly involved in elbow flexion during the concentric (lifting) phase of this exercise based on the information?
A weightlifter is performing a barbell curl. Which of the following muscles is NOT directly involved in elbow flexion during the concentric (lifting) phase of this exercise based on the information?
Which of the following muscles contributes to both wrist flexion and ulnar deviation?
Which of the following muscles contributes to both wrist flexion and ulnar deviation?
A pianist repeatedly flexes and extends their fingers while playing. Which pair of muscles are primarily responsible for these movements in digits 2-5?
A pianist repeatedly flexes and extends their fingers while playing. Which pair of muscles are primarily responsible for these movements in digits 2-5?
If a patient has difficulty abducting their thumb (digit 1), which muscle is MOST likely affected?
If a patient has difficulty abducting their thumb (digit 1), which muscle is MOST likely affected?
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to result in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to result in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
A patient reports muscle pain following a cortisone injection. This pain is MOST likely related to which type of factor?
A patient reports muscle pain following a cortisone injection. This pain is MOST likely related to which type of factor?
In the context of muscle strains, a Grade 2 strain is BEST described as:
In the context of muscle strains, a Grade 2 strain is BEST described as:
Which of the following BEST describes the primary pathological process in muscular dystrophy?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary pathological process in muscular dystrophy?
What is the MOST significant physiological consequence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
What is the MOST significant physiological consequence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
A weightlifter lowers a barbell in a controlled manner during a bicep curl. This action primarily involves which type of muscle contraction?
A weightlifter lowers a barbell in a controlled manner during a bicep curl. This action primarily involves which type of muscle contraction?
When performing a bicep curl, the biceps brachii muscle acts as the prime mover (agonist). Which muscle would MOST likely be considered its antagonist in this movement?
When performing a bicep curl, the biceps brachii muscle acts as the prime mover (agonist). Which muscle would MOST likely be considered its antagonist in this movement?
Which of the following interventions is typically MOST appropriate in the initial management of a mild muscle strain (Grade 1)?
Which of the following interventions is typically MOST appropriate in the initial management of a mild muscle strain (Grade 1)?
A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a patient recovering from a knee injury. Which muscle group would be considered a synergist to the quadriceps during knee extension?
A physical therapist is designing an exercise program for a patient recovering from a knee injury. Which muscle group would be considered a synergist to the quadriceps during knee extension?
An athlete is performing a plank exercise. This exercise primarily involves which type of muscle contraction in the core muscles?
An athlete is performing a plank exercise. This exercise primarily involves which type of muscle contraction in the core muscles?
Flashcards
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle tissue found in the heart, characterized by branching, striations, and involuntary control.
Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Muscle tissue found in blood vessels and the digestive tract, featuring no striations and involuntary control.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle tissue attached to bones or skin, characterized by long, parallel fibers, striations, and voluntary control.
Origin (Muscle)
Origin (Muscle)
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Insertion (Muscle)
Insertion (Muscle)
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Myalgia
Myalgia
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DOMS
DOMS
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Triceps brachii action
Triceps brachii action
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Pronator teres action
Pronator teres action
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Flexor carpi ulnaris action
Flexor carpi ulnaris action
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Flexor carpi radialis action
Flexor carpi radialis action
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Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
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Muscle Origin
Muscle Origin
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Muscle Insertion
Muscle Insertion
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Concentric Contraction
Concentric Contraction
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Eccentric Contraction
Eccentric Contraction
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Isometric Contraction
Isometric Contraction
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Prime Mover (Agonist)
Prime Mover (Agonist)
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Shearing Forces
Shearing Forces
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R.I.C.E.
R.I.C.E.
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Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular Dystrophy
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ALS
ALS
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Agonist Muscle
Agonist Muscle
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Frontalis Action
Frontalis Action
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Orbicularis Oris
Orbicularis Oris
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Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oculi
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Masseter Action
Masseter Action
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Temporalis Action
Temporalis Action
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Sternocleidomastoid Action
Sternocleidomastoid Action
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Rhomboids Action
Rhomboids Action
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Serratus Anterior Action
Serratus Anterior Action
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Supraspinatus Action
Supraspinatus Action
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Infraspinatus & Teres Minor Action
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor Action
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Study Notes
- Muscle Tissue Types:
- Includes cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle types
- Differ in appearance, location, nervous system control, cell structure, and number of nuclei
Cardiac Muscle
- Branched and striated and has intercalated discs
- Located in the heart
- Involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system
- Cells are branched, connected by intercalated discs
- Contains 1-3 nuclei per cell
Smooth Muscle
- Lacks striations and has small, tapered cells
- Found in blood vessels, digestive tract, bronchial tubes, and sphincters
- Involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system
- Small cells that function as single or multi-unit groups
- Has one nucleus per cell
Skeletal Muscle
- Has long, parallel fibers and is striated
- Connects to bones or skin
- Voluntary control by the somatic nervous system
- Long, parallel cells
- Multinucleated
Skeletal Muscle Functions
- Produces body movements
- Stabilizes body position and posture
- Enables movement of internal organs
- Regulates blood flow
- Produces heat
Muscle Movement
- Muscles attach to at least two points
- Origin is the attachment to an immovable bone
- Insertion is the attachment to a movable bone
- Example: Biceps muscle.
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Radius
Muscular Pain
- Myalgia is muscle pain
- Common causes:
- Strain
- Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
- Tension
Tendinopathies
- Tendinopathies include:
- Intrinsic factors: Shearing forces, overuse, poor flexibility, underlying diseases, aging tissue, cortisone injections
- Extrinsic factors: Training errors, poor equipment, falls or trauma
Treatments
- Treatment includes:
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (R.I.C.E. Method)
- Ultrasound therapy
- Splint or brace
- Medications: NSAIDs, Steroids
Injury Severity Levels
- Grade 1: Mild
- Grade 2: Moderate
- Grade 3: Severe
Muscular Pathologies
- Include Muscular Dystrophy
- Genetic disorders causing progressive muscle weakness
- Affects skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- No cure, symptom management and palliative care available
- Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease
- Motor neurons degenerate and die, leading to muscle loss
- 80% die within 5 years of diagnosis
Muscle Contraction Types
- Concentric: Muscle shortens as it contracts
- Eccentric: Muscle lengthens under tension
- Isometric: Tension increases but no movement occurs
Muscle Movers
- Prime Mover/Agonist: Primary muscle responsible for a movement
- Antagonist: Opposes the prime mover
- Synergist: Aids the prime mover and stabilizes movement
Shoulder Girdle Muscles
- Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS):
- Supraspinatus: Shoulder abduction
- Infraspinatus: and Teres Minor: Shoulder lateral rotation
- Subscapularis: Shoulder internal rotation
Upper Arm Muscles
-
Biceps Brachii:
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Radius
- Action Elbow flexion, forearm supination
-
Triceps Brachii:
- Origin: Scapula & Humerus
- Insertion: Ulna
- Action: Elbow extension
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Description
Explores the three types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. It details their differences in appearance, location, control, cellular structure, and nuclei count. It also defines the function of skeletal muscles.
