Skeletal Muscle Cellular Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle fibers lack striations?

  • Skeletal muscle fibers
  • Cardiac muscle fibers
  • Smooth muscle fibers (correct)
  • All types of muscle fibers have striations
  • What is the function of flexor muscles?

  • To attach muscles to bones
  • To make muscles larger
  • To bring bones together (correct)
  • To move bones away
  • Which muscle type is characterized by being smaller, branched, and uninucleate?

  • Smooth muscle fibers
  • All types of muscle fibers are characterized this way
  • Skeletal muscle fibers
  • Cardiac muscle fibers (correct)
  • What is the function of extensor muscles?

    <p>To move bones away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is multinucleate?

    <p>Skeletal muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons?

    <p>To attach muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle fibers?

    <p>To attach cells to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type appears striped or striated under the microscope?

    <p>Skeletal muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sarcolemma in skeletal muscle fibers?

    <p>To surround and protect the muscle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

    <p>To store and release calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein prevents myosin-actin attachment at rest?

    <p>Tropomyosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major calcium reservoir in muscle cells?

    <p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates a muscle action potential?

    <p>ACh receptor-channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein allows actin-myosin binding by binding to calcium?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

    <p>ATP rotates the myosin head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the power stroke in muscle contraction?

    <p>Actin filament moves toward M line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the conformational change in troponin-tropomyosin complex?

    <p>Calcium binding to troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor?

    <p>Alters the conformation of DHP receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ryanodine receptor-channel in muscle contraction?

    <p>Releases calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the DHP receptor opens the ryanodine receptor channels?

    <p>Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion(s) are involved in creating the neuronal action potential?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion(s) are involved in creating the muscle action potential?

    <p>Ca++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle contraction involves muscle shortening while lifting a load?

    <p>Concentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle contraction generates force but does not result in muscle shortening?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers are characterized by being slow-twitch and fatigue-resistant?

    <p>Type I fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers are characterized by being fast-twitch and fatigue-resistant?

    <p>Type IIa fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers are characterized by being fast-twitch and fatigable?

    <p>Type IIb fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers are characterized by being fast-twitch and highly fatigable?

    <p>Type IIx fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme myophosphorylase?

    <p>McArdle's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for the conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate?

    <p>Glycogen phosphorylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the relaxation phase of a muscle twitch, what ion(s) are moved in what direction(s)?

    <p>Ca++ is moved out of the sarcoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ion(s) create the neuronal action potential during a muscle twitch?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ion(s) create the muscle action potential during a muscle twitch?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contraction occurs when a muscle generates force but doesn't shorten?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while lifting a load?

    <p>Isotonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by slow-twitch properties?

    <p>Type I fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by fast-twitch properties?

    <p>Type IIb fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of dystrophin?

    <p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency of myophosphorylase, leading to the inability to convert glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate?

    <p>McArdle's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During strenuous exercise, what is the process called that restores energy expended during exercise?

    <p>Oxygen debt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Fibers

    • Smooth muscle fibers lack striations
    • Skeletal muscle fibers are characterized by being multinucleate
    • Cardiac muscle fibers are branched, uninucleate, and have intercalated disks
    • Skeletal muscle fibers appear striped or striated under the microscope

    Muscle Functions

    • Flexor muscles decrease the angle between two bones
    • Extensor muscles increase the angle between two bones
    • Tendons connect muscles to bones, transmitting forces from muscle to bone

    Muscle Physiology

    • The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibers, regulating ion movement and muscle contraction
    • The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a calcium reservoir in skeletal muscle fibers, releasing calcium ions during muscle contraction
    • Troponin and tropomyosin are proteins that prevent myosin-actin attachment at rest
    • Calcium ions initiate muscle contraction by binding to troponin, causing a conformational change in the troponin-tropomyosin complex
    • ATP is essential for muscle contraction, providing energy for myosin-actin binding and muscle relaxation
    • During the power stroke, the myosin head binds to actin, generating force and shortening the muscle

    Muscle Contraction

    • The dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor is a voltage-gated calcium channel, opening ryanodine receptor-channel and releasing calcium ions
    • The ryanodine receptor-channel releases calcium ions, initiating muscle contraction
    • During muscle contraction, sodium ions create the neuronal action potential, while calcium ions create the muscle action potential
    • Isotonic contraction involves muscle shortening while lifting a load
    • Isometric contraction generates force but does not result in muscle shortening

    Muscle Fiber Types

    • Slow-twitch fibers are fatigue-resistant, characterized by slow contraction velocities
    • Fast-twitch fibers are fatigable, characterized by fast contraction velocities
    • Fast-twitch and highly fatigable fibers have high contraction velocities and fatigue easily

    Disorders

    • McArdle's disease is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme myophosphorylase, leading to the inability to convert glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate
    • Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by a deficiency of dystrophin

    Muscle Twitch and Relaxation

    • During the relaxation phase of a muscle twitch, calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and sodium ions are pumped out of the cell
    • Sodium ions create the neuronal action potential, while calcium ions create the muscle action potential during a muscle twitch
    • Isometric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force but doesn't shorten
    • Isotonic contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while lifting a load

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