Muscle Physiology and Functional Movement Quiz
48 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of afferent neurons?

  • Maintain resting membrane potential
  • Carry sensory information to the central nervous system (correct)
  • Initiate movement responses
  • Facilitate release of neurotransmitters
  • What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

  • Transport 3 NA+ molecules out and 2 K+ molecules into the cell (correct)
  • Transport 2 NA+ molecules out and 3 K+ molecules into the cell
  • Transport NA+ and K+ in the same ratio as their passive diffusion
  • Transport equal amounts of NA+ and K+ into and out of the cell
  • What characterizes C fibers in the context of nerve conduction?

  • Fibers with high resting membrane potential
  • Fibers responsible for motor responses
  • Myelinated fibers with rapid conduction
  • Unmyelinated fibers with slower conduction (correct)
  • What occurs during the refractory period of a neuron?

    <p>Hyperpolarization due to slowly closing K channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is saltatory conduction?

    <p>Propagation of action potential in myelinated neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are upper motor neurons housed?

    <p>White matter of the cerebral cortex and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of white matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Facilitate communication between different regions of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a stimulus reaches the threshold in a neuron?

    <p>Action potential is initiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Node of Ranvier in nerve conduction?

    <p>Action potential gets refueled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in nerve conduction?

    <p>Relay signals to another nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor responsible for repolarization of a depolarized neuron?

    <p>Slow closure of K+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of myelin in nerve conduction?

    <p>Facilitate saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle architecture is characterized by fibers running parallel to the long axis of the muscle?

    <p>Fusiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraction yields zero velocity?

    <p>Isometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during an eccentric contraction?

    <p>Negative work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component plays a role in muscle function and movement, alongside muscle fibers?

    <p>Fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting muscle force output changes with respect to speed?

    <p>Attachment and reattachment of cross-bridge linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle architecture is characterized by fibers obliquely attaching to the tendon from one side?

    <p>Unipennate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate method for measuring muscle cross-section?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during active insufficiency?

    <p>Minimal force production at the shortest muscle length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypertrophy lead to?

    <p>Increase in muscle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the series elastic component in muscle function?

    <p>To store and release elastic energy during muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting muscle force output changes with respect to speed?

    <p>Attachment and reattachment of cross-bridge linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between speed and velocity?

    <p>Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates muscle contraction?

    <p>Nerve impulse creating an action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dictates the activation of smaller motor units first?

    <p>Henneman’s size principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of muscle spindles?

    <p>Detect changes in muscle length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Golgi tendon organs (GTO) in muscle function?

    <p>Modulate muscle force and contribute to proprioception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of muscle fibers based on force production and fatigue resistance?

    <p>Slow-twitch (Type 1) and fast-twitch (Type 2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines muscle control and precision?

    <p>Motor units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the body's ability to detect dynamic and static position in space?

    <p>Kinesthetic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system works in conjunction with the kinesthetic system to maintain equilibrium and balance?

    <p>Vestibular and visual systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Type 1A and Type 2 sensory nerve endings in muscle spindles?

    <p>Detect changes in muscle length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hypotonic and hypertonic individuals display deviations in muscle tone?

    <p>Affecting their ability to hold the body against gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the recruitment and grading of muscle contraction?

    <p>Simultaneous activation and rate coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in response to changing demands, such as Type 1 fibers in newborns for quick movements?

    <p>Muscle fiber type adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is used to measure muscle activation by inserting a fine needle into the muscle or adhering an electrode to the muscle?

    <p>Electromyography (EMG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraction involves no change in joint angle and allows static or non-moving contraction control type movements?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of contraction does the muscle undergo constant shortening through limb excursion?

    <p>Isotonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of contraction involves the muscle lengthening due to external forces such as gravity?

    <p>Eccentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contraction involves contracting at a constant rate or speed with the same amount of external resistance applied through the entire range of motion?

    <p>Isokinetic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deformation of tissues over time when subjected to constant or suddenly applied load?

    <p>Creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic refers to the resistance to external forces that cause permanent deformation in muscles?

    <p>Viscoelasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the ability of a muscle to elongate under force and return to its normal length when released?

    <p>Extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of deformation a structure can sustain before succumbing to distress?

    <p>Strain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the deformation of tissues over time when subjected to constant or suddenly applied load?

    <p>Creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EMG measure in terms of muscle activity?

    <p>Muscle activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the muscles that are not the prime mover but act in the same manner to assist in performing an activity?

    <p>Synergist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Physiology and Functional Movement

    • Muscle contraction begins with a nerve impulse creating an action potential.
    • Contraction is caused by the interaction between actin and myosin, following the sliding filament theory.
    • Muscle fibers are classified into slow-twitch (Type 1) and fast-twitch (Type 2) with varying force production and fatigue resistance.
    • Muscle fiber type adaptation occurs in response to changing demands, such as Type 1 fibers in newborns for quick movements and Type 1 fibers in toddlers for posture.
    • Motor units, consisting of a motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers, determine muscle control and precision.
    • Henneman’s size principle dictates that smaller motor units are activated first, leading to the recruitment of slow-twitch fibers.
    • Motor unit recruitment can grade muscle contraction through simultaneous activation and rate coding.
    • Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs (GTO) modulate muscle force and contribute to proprioception and kinesthesia.
    • Muscle spindles have sensory nerve endings (Type 1A and Type 2) that detect changes in muscle length and contribute to postural tone.
    • Hypotonic and hypertonic individuals display deviations in muscle tone, affecting their ability to hold the body against gravity.
    • The kinesthetic system, involving muscle spindles and GTO, contributes to the body's ability to detect dynamic and static position in space.
    • The vestibular and visual systems work in conjunction with the kinesthetic system to maintain equilibrium and balance.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Ch. 3 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of muscle physiology and functional movement with this quiz. Explore topics such as muscle contraction, fiber types, motor unit recruitment, and the role of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs in proprioception and kinesthesia.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser