Muscle Coordination and Training Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is considered facilitated or hypertonic in Sway-Back posture?

  • Rectus femoris
  • Hamstrings (correct)
  • Neck flexors
  • Iliacus
  • Structural deviations are considered correctible factors affecting muscle imbalances.

    False

    Name one correctible factor that contributes to muscle imbalances.

    Repetitive movements

    In Sway-Back posture, the anterior lumbar curve appears __________.

    <p>decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following postural deviations with their descriptions:

    <p>Sway-Back posture = Decreased anterior lumbar curve and increased posterior thoracic curve Ankle pronation = Excessive inward rolling of the foot Ankle supination = Excessive outward rolling of the foot Congenital conditions = Non-correctible factor leading to postural issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the toes in relation to the feet?

    <p>They should be aligned with the direction of the feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neck flexors are considered hypertonic in individuals with Sway-Back posture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements should personal trainers focus on to correct postural imbalances?

    <p>Obvious gross imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement associated with subtalar joint pronation?

    <p>Eversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hip adduction can result in pelvic tilt and affect spinal alignment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is described by the coupling of tight hip flexors and erector spinae muscles?

    <p>Lower-Cross Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tight or over dominant rectus abdominis muscles can lead to a __________ pelvic tilt.

    <p>posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is a component of subtalar joint supination?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hip adduction elevation with its description:

    <p>Right hip adduction = Hips usually shifted left Left hip adduction = Hips usually shifted right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sedentary lifestyles are often associated with posterior pelvic tilt due to tight hip flexors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does heel eversion have on ankle motion?

    <p>Plantar flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of training focuses on the body's stabilizing musculature?

    <p>Functional training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Closed-chain exercises involve more shearing forces at the joints compared to open-chain exercises.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one primary movement pattern emphasized in functional training.

    <p>Squats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed-chain kinetic movement, the end of the chain farthest from the body is ______.

    <p>fixed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the knees during squats and lunges?

    <p>Knees should never go past the toes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Restricting forward movement of the knee while squatting can lead to increased hip stress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List a benefit of closed-chain exercises over open-chain exercises.

    <p>Better neuromuscular coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of exercises with their characteristics:

    <p>Closed-chain exercises = Emphasize compression at joints Open-chain exercises = Involve shearing forces at joints Functional training = Focus on stabilizing musculature Squats = Example of a closed-chain exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pelvis with foot pronation and internal femoral rotation?

    <p>It tilts anteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tight hip flexors are suspected during a posterior pelvic tilt.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two muscles suspected to be lengthened during anterior pelvic tilt.

    <p>Hamstrings and Rectus Abdominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shoulders not in level are often associated with tightness in the ______, ______, and ______.

    <p>Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scapular conditions with the suspected tight muscles:

    <p>Protracted Scapula = Serratus anterior, upper trapezius Medially Rotated Humerus = Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi Kyphosis = Shoulder adductors, pectoralis minor Scapular Winging = Rhomboids, serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What degree of movement is contributed by the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic region?

    <p>120 degrees by glenohumeral and 60 degrees by scapulothoracic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scapular protraction indicates that the scapular stabilizers are functioning effectively.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for holding the scapulae in place?

    <p>Rhomboids and serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by weakness and poor mechanics in the lowering phase?

    <p>Sway-Back posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive arching of the back is a characteristic of Sway-Back posture.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is indicated as weak in individuals with Sway-Back posture?

    <p>Hamstrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weakness in the back and ________ muscles can lead to postural imbalances.

    <p>hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following muscles with their roles during postural alignment:

    <p>Latissimus dorsi = Upper back stabilization Hamstrings = Knee flexion support Gluteal group = Hip extension Rectus abdominus = Trunk stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of weak core and back muscles?

    <p>Increased trunk flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Back rounds forward is a characteristic indicative of good posture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary effects of increased hip flexor tightness?

    <p>Increased lumbar lordosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Coordination and Training

    • Optimal movement performance requires muscles to collaborate in force production and joint stabilization.
    • Weaker stabilizer muscles (e.g., deep abdominals, hip stabilizers) can lead to inefficient movement and risks of pain/injury.
    • Functional training, prioritizing closed kinetic chain exercises, is beneficial for rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation.

    Closed vs. Open Chain Exercises

    • Closed chain exercises: End of the kinetic chain (e.g., feet in squats) is fixed; promotes joint compression and greater muscle engagement.
    • Open chain exercises: End of the kinetic chain (e.g., seated leg extension) is free; often leads to shearing forces at joints.
    • Closed-chain exercises enhance neuromuscular coordination and joint stability.

    Key Functional Movements

    • Conditioning routines should focus on five primary movement patterns relevant to daily activities: squats (bending and lifting), lunges (single-leg movements), pushing, pulling, and rotation.

    Squat and Lunge Mechanics

    • Myth regarding knee position in squats/lunges: It is acceptable for knees to slightly pass toes but should avoid excessive forward movement.
    • Evidence: Knee stress increased by 28% when moving past toes; hip stress may increase by nearly 1000% if restricted.
    • During lunges, knees should align over the second toe, matching the knee's direction with the ankle.

    Sway-Back Posture

    • Characterized by decreased anterior lumbar curve (flat-back) and increased posterior thoracic curve (kyphosis).
    • Muscle imbalances identified in sway-back posture include:
      • Facilitated/Hypertonic: Hamstrings, upper posterior obliques, lumbar extensors, neck extensors.
      • Inhibited/Lengthened: Iliacus/Psoas Major, rectus femoris, external obliques, neck flexors, upper-back extensors.

    Factors Affecting Muscle Imbalance

    • Correctible factors:
      • Repetitive movements, awkward posture, side dominance, lack of joint stability/mobility, imbalanced strength training.
    • Non-Correctible factors:
      • Congenital conditions (e.g., scoliosis), certain pathologies (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), structural deviations, trauma history.

    Ankle Pronation and Supination

    • Normal foot alignment: Both feet should face forward or with slight external rotation (8-10 degrees).
    • Pronation causes heel eversion, possibly leading to tight calves and restricted dorsiflexion.
    • Tight gastrocnemius/soleus can also affect subtalar joint position, evidencing biomechanical interactions.

    Hip Adduction Dynamics

    • Hip adduction leads to pelvic tilt, which can manifest as "hip hiking", affecting alignment and balance.
    • Imbalances can occur due to factors like limb-length discrepancies.

    Pelvic Tilting Considerations

    • Anterior pelvic tilt common in individuals with tight hip flexors; often linked to sedentary behaviors.
    • Muscle coupling: Tight hip flexors with erector spinae contribute to anterior tilt; tight rectus abdominis with hamstrings cause posterior tilt.

    Shoulder and Thoracic Spine Alignment

    • Collaboration between glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic region is crucial for shoulder movement.
    • Common issues include elevated shoulders, asymmetry, scapular winging, tightness in specific muscle groups (e.g., upper trapezius, pectorals).

    Scapular Stabilization

    • Scapular winging indicates weakness in stabilizing muscles, primarily rhomboids and serratus anterior.
    • Movement compensations often result from poor mechanics and muscle imbalances, affecting overall stability and joint integrity.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the coordination of muscles and the differences between closed and open chain exercises. This quiz also covers the importance of functional movements in training and rehabilitation. Improve your understanding of optimal movement performance and joint stability with these key concepts.

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