Muscle Anatomy and Functions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for puckering and closing the lips?

  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Temporalis
  • Orbicularis Oris (correct)
  • Masseter

Which of the following muscles is involved in extending both the head and neck?

  • Splenius Capitis (correct)
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Orbicularis Oris

What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle when both sides contract?

  • Close the mouth
  • Pucker and close the lips
  • Flex the neck bilaterally (nodding motion) (correct)
  • Elevate the shoulders

Which muscle(s) closes the mouth?

<p>Temporalis and Masseter (B)</p>
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Which facial muscle has no role in mouth closure but is instead responsible for lip movement?

<p>Orbicularis Oris (A)</p>
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Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction?

<p>Middle Deltoid (B)</p>
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Which action is NOT performed by the Anterior Deltoid?

<p>Shoulder adduction (C)</p>
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Which muscle performs both shoulder extension and hyperextension?

<p>Latissimus Dorsi (A)</p>
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What specific action is associated with the Posterior Deltoid?

<p>Lateral rotation (D)</p>
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Which of the following combinations of actions is associated with the Pectoralis Major?

<p>Shoulder flexion, adduction, and medial rotation (D)</p>
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for elbow extension?

<p>Triceps Brachii (D)</p>
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What is the primary role of the biceps brachii?

<p>Elbow flexion (D)</p>
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Which muscle group consists of muscles that primarily flex the elbow?

<p>Biceps Brachii and Brachialis (C)</p>
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In terms of muscle anatomy, which muscles are identified as contributing to elbow flexion?

<p>Biceps Brachii and Brachialis (D)</p>
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Considering the actions of arm muscles, which one is NOT associated with elbow joint movement?

<p>External Oblique (B)</p>
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During elbow flexion, which muscle assists primarily in the movement alongside the biceps brachii?

<p>Brachialis (C)</p>
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the fingers at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints?

<p>Extensor Digitorum (B)</p>
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What is the primary action of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris?

<p>Extends and adducts the wrist (A)</p>
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Which pair of muscles both extend and abduct the wrist?

<p>Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis and Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (B)</p>
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Which muscle aids in the extension of the wrist but does not directly influence finger movement?

<p>Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (B)</p>
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Which muscle has a role in both extension and abduction of the wrist but is specifically shorter in length compared to its counterpart?

<p>Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (C)</p>
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Which muscle primarily facilitates normal inhalation when relaxed?

<p>Diaphragm (A)</p>
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Which muscle group is responsible for elevating the ribs during inhalation?

<p>External intercostals (C)</p>
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What action do internal intercostal muscles perform?

<p>Depress the ribs (B)</p>
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During deep exhalation, which muscles are primarily engaged?

<p>Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles (A)</p>
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Which structure is associated with the diaphragm and contributes to its function?

<p>Central tendon (D)</p>
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What is the role of the costal muscles during ventilation?

<p>They elevate the ribs during inhalation (D)</p>
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What does the diaphragm do during resting inspiration?

<p>Remains relaxed (A)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the action of the external intercostals during inhalation?

<p>They elevate the ribs to increase thoracic volume (A)</p>
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Which action is performed by the lower trapezius muscle?

<p>Depresses and upward rotates the scapula (B)</p>
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What is the primary action of the serratus anterior muscle?

<p>Upward rotates and protracts the scapula (D)</p>
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Which muscle is responsible for shrugging the shoulders?

<p>Upper Trapezius (C)</p>
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What movements are associated with the rhomboid major and minor muscles?

<p>Retraction and downward rotation of the scapula (A)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the action of the middle trapezius?

<p>Retracts the scapula (C)</p>
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How does the upper trapezius contribute to scapular movement?

<p>It plays a role in scapular upward rotation and elevation (A)</p>
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Which of the following actions is facilitated by the serratus anterior muscle?

<p>Protracting and upward rotating the scapula (B)</p>
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In scapular movement, which pair of actions are opposites?

<p>Elevation and depression (D)</p>
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Which muscles primarily act to retract the scapula?

<p>Middle trapezius and rhomboids (B)</p>
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The downward rotation of the scapula is primarily associated with which muscles?

<p>Rhomboid major and minor (A)</p>
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Which rotator cuff muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction?

<p>Supraspinatus (D)</p>
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Which pair of muscles is responsible for shoulder lateral rotation?

<p>Infraspinatus and Teres Minor (B)</p>
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Which rotator cuff muscle performs medial rotation of the shoulder?

<p>Subscapularis (C)</p>
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What is the primary function of the supraspinatus muscle within the rotator cuff?

<p>Abduction (B)</p>
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Which of the following muscles does NOT contribute to lateral rotation of the shoulder?

<p>Subscapularis (C)</p>
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Who plays a vital role in stabilizing the shoulder joint during movement?

<p>All rotator cuff muscles (B)</p>
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Which muscle initiates the first 15 degrees of shoulder abduction?

<p>Supraspinatus (A)</p>
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Which function is unique to the teres minor when compared to the other rotator cuff muscles?

<p>Shoulder lateral rotation (A)</p>
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How do the infraspinatus and teres minor differ in muscle structure?

<p>They do not differ structurally (B)</p>
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Which of the following best describes the action of the rotator cuff muscles during shoulder movements?

<p>Essential for stabilizing and achieving range of motion (D)</p>
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Flashcards

Orbicularis Oris function

Puckers and closes the lips.

Temporalis function

Closes the mouth.

Masseter function

Closes the mouth.

Sternocleidomastoid function

Bileaterally flexes the neck (nodding).

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Splenius Capitis function

Extends the head and neck.

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Extensor Digitorum function

Extends fingers (MCP, PIP, DIP) and assists wrist extension.

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris function

Extends and adducts the wrist.

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis function

Extends and abducts the wrist.

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus function

Extends and abducts the wrist.

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Posterior forearm muscles

Muscles located on the back side of the forearm, involved in wrist and finger movements.

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Biceps Brachii Function

Flexes the elbow joint.

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Brachialis Function

Assists in elbow flexion.

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Triceps Brachii Function

Extends the elbow joint.

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Arm Muscle Location

Muscles are located in the upper arm and are involved with movement of the elbow.

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Anterior vs Posterior Arm

Anterior view shows muscles involved in flexion, posterior view shows muscles involved in extension.

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Elbow Flexion

Bending the elbow.

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Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle crucial for breathing, contracting for inhalation.

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External Intercostals

Rib muscles that elevate ribs, aiding inhalation.

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Internal Intercostals

Rib muscles that depress ribs, aiding exhalation.

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Inhalation (in)

The act of taking air into the lungs.

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Exhalation (out)

The act of expelling air from the lungs.

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Respiratory Muscles

Muscles responsible for the mechanics of breathing.

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Costal Muscles

Rib muscles that support breathing.

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Rib Elevation

Raising the ribs, expanding the chest cavity.

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Supraspinatus function

Raises the arm away from the body (shoulder abduction).

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Infraspinatus function

Turns the arm outward (shoulder lateral rotation).

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Teres Minor Function

Turns the arm outward (shoulder lateral rotation).

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Subscapularis function

Turns the arm inward (shoulder medial rotation).

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Shoulder Abduction

Raising the arm away from the body.

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Lateral Rotation

Turning the arm outward (away from the body).

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Medial Rotation

Turning the arm inward (towards the body).

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Rotator Cuff

Group of muscles that stabilize and move the shoulder.

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Rotator Cuff Muscles

Four muscles crucial for shoulder joint stability and movement.

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Shoulder Movement

The various motions the shoulder can perform.

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Latissimus Dorsi action

Shoulder extension, medial rotation, and hyperextension

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Pectoralis Major action

Shoulder flexion, adduction, medial rotation, and horizontal adduction

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Anterior Deltoid action

Shoulder flexion, medial rotation, and horizontal adduction

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Middle Deltoid action

Shoulder abduction

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Posterior Deltoid action

Shoulder extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation, and horizontal abduction

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Trapezius function

Controls scapular movement, including elevation, retraction, and rotation.

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Upper Trapezius action

Elevates the scapula (raises the shoulder).

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Middle Trapezius action

Retracts the scapula (pulls it towards the spine).

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Lower Trapezius action

Depresses and upward rotates the scapula.

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Rhomboids action

Retract and downward rotate the scapula.

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Serratus Anterior action

Protracts and upward rotates the scapula; moves scapula forward.

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Scapular Protraction

Moving the scapula forward away from the spine.

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Scapular Retraction

Moving the scapula towards the spine.

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Scapular upward rotation

Rotating the scapula upward, moving the glenoid cavity upward.

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Scapular downward rotation

Rotating the scapula downward, moving the glenoid fossa downward.

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Study Notes

Facial and Neck Muscles

  • Orbicularis Oris: Pucker lips
  • Temporalis: Closes mouth
  • Masseter: Closes mouth
  • Sternocelidomastoid: Bilaterally flexes neck (nodding)
  • Splenius Capitis: Extends head & neck

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