Muscarine and Physiological Responses Quiz

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Which type of glands are activated by muscarinic agonists?

Mammary glands

Sebaceous glands

Adrenal glands

Sweat glands (correct)

What is the main effect on the heart due to muscarine stimulation?

Tachycardia

Bradycardia (correct)

Increased SA node activity

Increased contractility

Which mushroom has a high content of muscarine?

Amanita muscaria

Inocybe sp (correct)

Clitocybe sp

Agaricus bisporus

What effect does muscarine have on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Increased tone in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to muscarinic stimulation?

Increased bronchial secretion Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response is NOT mediated by muscarinic stimulation?

Increased potassium currents at the SA node Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor that determines the net effect of a ganglion blocker?

Sympathetic tone in the tissue affected Signup and view all the answers

What effect do ganglion blockers have on blood pressure?

Decrease peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common heart effect of ganglion blockers?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect do ganglion blockers have on the eyes?

Blurred vision and difficulty focusing Signup and view all the answers

How do ganglion blockers affect glandular secretions?

Decrease saliva and sweat production Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable adverse effect of ganglion blockers on the urinary bladder?

Difficulty in emptying the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

They inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine by cholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class forms stable complexes with cholinesterase to compete with acetylcholine in the active sites?

Anticholinesterase drugs Signup and view all the answers

In which locations do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors modify transmission?

Autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic nerve endings, neuromuscular junction, and CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs belongs to the REVERSIBLE anticholinesterase classification?

Physostigmine Signup and view all the answers

What are the pharmacological actions of anticholinesterases related to nicotinic receptors like?

Initial activation followed by paralysis due to desensitization of nicotinic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on muscarinic receptors?

Massive activation of parasympathetic target organs Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles at the nerve terminal?

Ca2+ influx Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor does acetylcholine act upon to open channels for ion flow?

Nicotinic receptor Signup and view all the answers

How do neuromuscular blocking drugs primarily induce skeletal muscle paralysis?

Interfering with nicotinic receptors on skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which ions play a crucial role in muscle action potential and contraction?

Ca2+ and K+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transverse tubular system in muscle tissue?

To facilitate the spread of excitation throughout the muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT affected by neuromuscular blocking drugs according to the given text?

Sensory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Persistent Depolarization Blockers like succinylcholine?

Inducing persistent depolarization by activating nicotinic receptors intensely Signup and view all the answers

What effect do Persistent Depolarization Blockers have on the neuromuscular junction?

Produce a flaccid paralysis by blocking the junction Signup and view all the answers

How do Persistent Depolarization Blockers differ from Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in terms of reversibility?

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors do not reverse drug effects Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Persistent Depolarization Blockers from nicotinic antagonists?

Persistent Depolarization Blockers initially cause persistent depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Why can administering an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor not reverse the effects of Persistent Depolarization Blockers?

Because of the nature of persistent depolarization induced by the blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the flaccid paralysis caused by Persistent Depolarization Blockers?

Intense activation of nicotinic receptors followed by persistent depolarization Signup and view all the answers