Multinational Manufacturing Strategies

What type of firms were pioneers of the capital-intensive technologies of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Which industries were the post-World War II successors of the industries that pioneered the technologies of the Second Industrial Revolution?

Multinational manufacturing existed before the 19th century.

What is the name of the German firm that pioneered the development of telegraph and cable equipment in the 1850s?

What company is considered the first successful US multinational manufacturer?

Which of these products were the primary focus of multinational manufacturing in the late 19th century?

The late 19th century saw a decline in the chemical industry.

What is the name of the largest German firm that had a minority interest in a US manufacturing company in 1871?

German chemical companies were primarily focused on domestic markets in the late 19th century.

What is the name of the pharmaceutical product that Bayer famously developed?

Which of these countries were among the first to host foreign subsidiaries of the leading German dyestuffs firms?

US manufacturers of industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals ventured beyond their home market before World War II.

What is the name of the US company that became the first worldwide producer of lifts?

What is the name of the US company that became the world's first-mover in cash registers by the early 20th century?

Multinational manufacturing was absent from branded consumer goods by 1914.

What is the name of the Swiss firm that originated as a producer of condensed milk, baby food, and chocolates—and later became a major multinational corporation?

What is the name of the British company that was the predecessor to Unilever and was known for its multiplant operations in the soap industry?

What factors significantly contributed to the growth of international cartels in the interwar period?

Interwar European governments typically opposed the spread of cartel agreements.

International cartels primarily emerged in industries with a large number of producers.

Which of these factors contributed to the success of the 'classic' interwar cartel model?

Cartels were always effective in preventing cheating and opportunistic behavior by members.

Cartel administrators were always centrally located in large European cities.

World War II had a negligible impact on international cartels.

After World War II, the growth of manufacturing FDI resumed.

Which of these sectors were prominent areas of investment for US multinational firms in the postwar period?

US companies were not significant innovators in technology during the postwar period.

Which of these countries were among the most active in manufacturing FDI in the postwar period?

British firms had a strong bias towards investing in the developed Commonwealth markets in the postwar period.

Which of these firms are prominent examples of Dutch multinational corporations?

French and German manufacturers engaged in FDI on a substantial scale in the early postwar years.

US firms were the primary focus of multinational investment in Europe in the postwar period.

What is the name of the US company that invested significantly in the soap and detergents market in Europe, expanding beyond its previous focus on Canada and Britain?

Japanese manufacturers rebuilt their businesses after World War II with a primary focus on domestic markets.

The fixing of the exchange rate at Yen 360/US $1 between 1949 and 1972 hindered the growth of Japanese export competitiveness.

Which of these factors fueled 'new protectionism' against Japanese exports in the 1970s?

Japanese FDI in the 1970s was primarily driven by the desire to gain access to the European market.

The growth of demand for chemical products in the developed world consistently exceeded overall rates of growth.

The petrochemical industry initially emerged as a primarily European enterprise.

What are the names of the two US oil companies that were active in the early development of the petrochemical industry?

US chemical companies initially focused on exporting chemical products abroad rather than establishing FDI.

Which of these US chemical companies were particularly prominent in petrochemicals in the postwar period?

German chemical companies were completely absent from foreign production after World War II.

The leading German chemical companies abandoned their cartel in 1950 primarily due to a decline in investment opportunities.

Which of these factors contributed to the widespread adoption of FDI in the automobile industry?

Which firms are prominent examples of the consolidation of fragmented low-volume manufacturers in the German automobile industry?

Japanese automobile manufacturers relied heavily on exports before the 1970s.

Toyota's lean production system originated in the 1980s.

Japanese automobile manufacturers primarily focused on the production of luxury vehicles in the 1970s

The US government imposed a Voluntary Export Restraint (VER) on Japanese automobile imports before 1982.

Japanese companies controlled about one-third of the US car market by the late 1980s.

South Korea's automobile industry was primarily developed by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Which of these firms were among the first to recognize the commercial applications of computers?

The US government played a minimal role in the development of the computer industry.

What is the name of the first computer designed for business use that was developed by Remington Rand?

IBM's strategy for computer sales in the 1950s was based on a single family of incompatible computers.

Which firms were the primary beneficiaries of IBM's decision to outsource the disk operating system and microprocessor for the PC?

IBM had exclusive rights to Microsoft and Intel's technologies.

Microsoft and Intel's capabilities were not protected by copyright and other measures.

Microsoft acquired a near monopoly in personal computer operating systems in the 1980s.

The Microsoft Explorer 2.0 browser was only available after the commercial launch of the Internet.