Multimedia Ethics and Philosophy
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Questions and Answers

What defines an ethical dilemma in a media context?

  • A scenario involving multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests
  • A problem where the law must be followed strictly
  • A situation where one must choose between two actions reflecting personal ethical values (correct)
  • An incident that does not involve moral considerations

    • Which of the following is considered a duty of a reporter towards their audience?

  • To create sensationalized news to attract viewers
  • To protect their own interests over the audience's needs
  • To deliver the truth with accuracy and objectivity (correct)
  • To prioritize the employer's satisfaction above accuracy

    • According to the BOKs Model of Making Ethical Decisions, what is the first step?

  • Utilizing one's conscience (correct)
  • Applying legal standards
  • Analyzing stakeholders
  • Consulting experts

    • What conflict of duty may journalists face when covering war zones?

    <p>Duty to show society brutal realities while maintaining ethical integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle focuses on the character of the actor making the decision?

    <p>Aristotle’s Golden Mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis of morals according to the content provided?

    <p>Community, religion, and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of too much transparency in media reporting?

    <p>It may compromise the safety of individuals depicted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes utilitarianism as an ethical principle?

    <p>Prioritizing the greatest good for the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ethical dilemma in social media related to information?

    <p>Invasion of privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of ethical journalism emphasizes the need for accuracy?

    <p>Truth and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the difference between bonafide journalists and citizen journalists?

    <p>Bonafide journalists are affiliated with institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should journalists address errors in their reporting?

    <p>Take accountability for the errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical dilemma involves spreading false information?

    <p>Dishonesty and distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important aspect should citizen journalists consider when reporting?

    <p>The public's right to know</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value emphasizes the need for credibility in journalism?

    <p>Objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle is highlighted by Aristotle for journalists?

    <p>Truthfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate human goal according to Aristotle?

    <p>Happiness through good character and virtue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kant's Categorical Imperative emphasize in moral decision-making?

    <p>The act as a universal law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of duty in Kant's philosophy is considered a negative duty?

    <p>Not to murder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key principle does Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill focus on?

    <p>Consequences and happiness for the greatest number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Pluralistic ethics proposed by Ross?

    <p>Acknowledges conflicts between right and good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which duty involves ensuring the equal distribution of happiness?

    <p>Duty of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Prima Facie Duties from Duty Proper in Ross's framework?

    <p>Duty Proper is context-dependent and paramount in specific circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kant, what should moral actions be viewed as?

    <p>Model behaviors for others to follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the foundation of Communitarianism in ethical decision-making?

    <p>Social responsibility and equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way does Aristotle's philosophy differ from that of Mill?

    <p>Aristotle emphasizes character while Mill focuses on outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for ads that contain incorrect claims about a product?

    <p>False advertising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of deceptive advertising?

    <p>Potential lawsuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a consequence of using stereotypes in advertising?

    <p>Perpetuation of harmful norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines puffery in advertising?

    <p>Exaggeration of product features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can dangerous stunt ads negatively influence audiences?

    <p>Through imitation of unsafe behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical challenge is posed by the Dove Campaign of 'Before and After'?

    <p>Failure to use real customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cultural dimension' refer to in advertising ethics?

    <p>Norms that determine ad offensiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of self-perception on advertising effectiveness?

    <p>It can create harsh self-assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical principle emphasizes treating individuals with respect rather than as means to an end?

    <p>Kantian ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary critique of the Mr. Clean advertisement on Mother's Day?

    <p>It emphasized traditional gender roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do social groups affect the impact of advertising?

    <p>They influence interpretation of appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from a failure to consider cultural nuances in advertising?

    <p>Misinterpretation of messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one goal of using stereotypes in advertising?

    <p>To engage a specific audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of social responsibility apply to advertising?

    <p>Ads must respect community values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of circles of intimacy in the context of information sharing?

    <p>They determine the level of trust and control over shared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle emphasizes the journalist's right to access information available to the public?

    <p>Right to know</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which context is 'need to know' relevant?

    <p>For public decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does secrecy in information sharing primarily involve?

    <p>Intentional blocking of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of privacy differ from secrecy?

    <p>Privacy involves public accessibility of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical approach focuses on achieving the greatest good for the majority?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does reflective equilibrium play in ethical decision-making?

    <p>It allows for inequalities if they benefit the majority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advertising tactic is most likely to mislead consumers by exaggerating claims?

    <p>Puffery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is John Rawls' concept of the veil of ignorance primarily concerned with?

    <p>Achieving equality and fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of utilitarianism in journalism?

    <p>The impact of a story's outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of news primarily deals with political or criminal reports?

    <p>Hard news</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the two-step flow theory differ from the magic bullet theory?

    <p>It emphasizes opinion leaders as intermediaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stakeholders is relevant in a scenario where a journalist must decide whether to publish information about a suspect?

    <p>The audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory relates to the idea that truth is connected to authority figures?

    <p>Correspondence theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In advertising, which group is considered the most vulnerable to persuasive tactics?

    <p>Children who are easily persuaded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a journalist ensure when using sources for a story?

    <p>That sources are properly identified and attributed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of interpersonal communication compared to mass media communication?

    <p>It allows for direct interaction and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a piece of information is considered intrusive?

    <p>Personal ethical and moral considerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant ethical concern that could arise in journalism when dealing with stories that involve conflict?

    <p>Maintaining balance between perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically NOT a factor of newsworthiness?

    <p>Ethical standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sources can be used by journalists to enhance a story’s depth and credibility?

    <p>Material sources such as reports and records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Herbert Gans’ values could bias a journalist's report based on personal experiences?

    <p>Ethnocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for factual accuracy and the removal of biases in reporting?

    <p>Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'disinformation' refer to in the context of journalism?

    <p>News intentionally spread to deceive the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the ethical news values, what does 'tenacity' refer to?

    <p>Providing depth and background information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does conglomerate ownership have on media reporting?

    <p>It can create censorship and bias in content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the coherence theory apply in the digital era?

    <p>It prioritizes consistency with established beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential consequence of labeling groups in media reporting?

    <p>Fostering cultural beliefs and stereotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive dissonance refer to in the context of advertising?

    <p>Discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is important in determining someone's credibility as an opinion leader?

    <p>Their age and experience level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of claims used in persuasive advertising?

    <p>Visual and verbal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the TARES Test in advertising?

    <p>A guideline for ensuring ethical advertising practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior characterizes 'laggards' in the diffusion of innovation?

    <p>They reject innovations and adhere to traditional values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of public service advertising?

    <p>To promote social good and community awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In advertising, what must be ensured to avoid misleading consumers?

    <p>Clear and truthful claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does personal background influence media reactions?

    <p>Different backgrounds lead to diverse interpretations of media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'cognitive balance' imply in advertising?

    <p>The harmony between beliefs and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which appeal is least likely to be used in persuasive advertising?

    <p>Boredom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of advertising according to the provided content?

    <p>To impact attitudes to influence actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a value included in the TARES Test?

    <p>Sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should advertisers avoid offensive content?

    <p>In any advertising context to respect diverse audiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interpersonal communication imply in the context of media interpretation?

    <p>Personal interactions influence understanding of media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial requirement for a journalist when sourcing information from social media?

    <p>To identify themselves as a journalist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sleeper effect theory primarily describe?

    <p>Delayed impact of persuasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which value is NOT typically expected from users of social media?

    <p>Objectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a responsibility of a citizen when consuming information on social media?

    <p>To verify the accuracy of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant ethical consideration regarding anonymous sources for journalists?

    <p>Respecting the source's request for confidentiality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should journalists handle the potential risks of misleading readers?

    <p>By ensuring accuracy and fact-checking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach should journalists take when using news aggregators?

    <p>Verify information collected through aggregators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of media literacy for users of social media?

    <p>To discern between accurate and inaccurate information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the virtue of originality emphasize in journalism?

    <p>Using firsthand interviews to obtain information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can journalists ensure they do not mislead their readers?

    <p>By conducting thorough fact-checking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is direct sourcing critical for journalists?

    <p>It enhances the originality and credibility of the story.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must journalists avoid when using social media for sourcing?

    <p>Lying or deceiving sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary responsibilities of users when sharing content from social media?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of the shared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental aspect does credibility rely on in journalism?

    <p>The accuracy and verification of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do reality shows have on viewers' ethical values?

    <p>They often depict violence and misinterpretation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a primary reason people use media according to the theory of uses and gratification?

    <p>To escape from reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant ethical concern associated with documentaries?

    <p>They may lack objectivity and fairness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of show mixes entertainment with a critical view of social, political, or cultural issues?

    <p>Political satires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of a journalist as a versificator involves which of the following actions?

    <p>Collecting, verifying, and providing information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social media influence users in terms of content?

    <p>Content is tailored to users' interests and preferences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative consequence of not having direct experience with a portrayed subject in the media?

    <p>Formation of stereotypes and misconceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical values should documentaries prioritize according to audience expectations?

    <p>Diversity, truth, and accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of shows are generally viewed as having blurred lines between information and entertainment?

    <p>Political satires and infotainment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect describes the idea that viewing violent media can lead to actual violent behavior?

    <p>Imitation or modeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the dilemmas faced by audiences when consuming infotainment content?

    <p>Determining if it's actually news or mere comedy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following shows was given as an example of reality television affecting social behavior?

    <p>Keeping Up with the Kardashians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ethical standards like truth and accuracy impact documentaries?

    <p>They are necessary for audience credibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles of social media in the context of information dissemination?

    <p>To serve as an information provider and collector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key ethical consideration for journalists covering human tragedy stories?

    <p>Ensuring fairness to both the audience and the subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would likely violate the code of ethics for journalists?

    <p>Fabricating visuals to enhance a story</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of gatekeeping in media?

    <p>To filter and control content for dissemination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential dilemma can arise during live news coverage?

    <p>The need for immediate accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes the phenomenon where audiences perceive the world as more dangerous due to media portrayal?

    <p>Cultivation theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for reporters to detach themselves from the stories they cover?

    <p>To avoid influencing the narrative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'eyewash' in media reporting?

    <p>Employing file footage or stock photos to embellish stories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legal concept relates to the publication or disclosure of private information that harms a person's reputation?

    <p>Liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between privacy and secrecy?

    <p>Privacy is about accessibility and control; secrecy involves intentional information blocking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical dilemma can arise from the use of social platforms in media?

    <p>Social invasion through unauthorized press coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the mean world syndrome have on audience perceptions?

    <p>It leads viewers to believe that the world is more dangerous than it actually is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transparency in journalism relate to?

    <p>Clearly communicating to the audience what they need to know</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of media regulators in relation to journalists?

    <p>To impose restrictions based on legal frameworks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary value emphasized in ethical journalism?

    <p>Truth and accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is violated if justice is not applied equally in journalism?

    <p>Equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Potter Box ethical decision model?

    <p>Define the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical principle should guide journalists when making decisions about capturing or publishing photos?

    <p>Humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which value must be preserved even when other values might be violated in an ethical scenario?

    <p>Truthfulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Potter Box emphasizes the importance of understanding what about the stakeholders?

    <p>Their cultural and legal contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by treating people as ends and not means in journalism?

    <p>Respecting their dignity and humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does accountability in journalism require from reporters?

    <p>To correct any errors courageously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of photojournalism introduces a significant ethical dilemma?

    <p>The impact of the images on the audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when applying ethical codes in photojournalism?

    <p>Maintaining accuracy and fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a journalist do when faced with a conflict of interest?

    <p>Aim for objectivity by disclosing the conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle highlights the need for transparency in journalism?

    <p>Accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration when deciding to capture and publish sensitive images?

    <p>The potential impact on the subjects involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is loyalty important in journalism?

    <p>It influences how news is reported and perceived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multimedia Ethics and Response

    • Ethical decision-making is impacted by laws and situational subjectivity.
    • Key duties include those to oneself, the audience, employer, profession, and society.
    • Ethical dilemmas arise when choices must be made between conflicting values.
    • Stakeholders are all affected parties in an ethical dilemma. Conflict of duties (e.g., self-protection) are common considerations.
    • BOK's Model for Ethical Decision-Making (conscience, experts, affected) guides ethical considerations.

    Five Schools of Philosophy

    • Aristotle's Golden Mean: Focuses on the actor's character, seeking balance between extremes. A virtuous character leads to virtuous decisions.
    • Kant's Categorical Imperative: Focuses on the act itself, which should be a moral universal law. Treat people as ends, not means. Strict (negative) and meritorious (positive) duties are defined.
    • Mill's Utilitarianism: Focuses on consequences, aiming for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of stakeholders.
    • Ross' Pluralistic Ethics: Recognizes conflicting duties. Prima facie duties (seemingly right) are considered against a backdrop of conflicting duties.
    • Communitarianism: Emphasizes social responsibility and achieving social justice.

    Information Ethics: A Profession Seeks Truth

    • Truth is multifaceted and tied to authority, freedom of expression, and theoretical frameworks (correspondence, coherence).
    • Fact-based reporting, sourced information, and balance between conflicting perspectives are crucial.
    • Newsworthiness criteria consider timeliness, proximity, human interest, significance, conflict, and impact.

    Ethics of Photo and Video Journalism

    • Photojournalism involves significant ethical considerations.
    • Ethical codes include truthfulness, fairness, respect, and dignity.
    • Decisions should consider the value of not injuring others and consider audience vulnerability.

    Privacy in Multimedia

    • Privacy is a fundamental human right.
    • Legal and ethical aspects of privacy involve balancing the right to know with the protection of private information.
    • Hodges' circles of intimacy represent different levels of trust and control over information.

    Advertising Ethics

    • Advertising relies on persuasion.
    • Understanding the psychological impact of advertising on the consumer is important.
    • TARES Test criteria (truthfulness, authenticity, respect, equity, social responsibility) can guide ethical advertising.
    • Different dilemmas include deceptive advertising, unhealthy product promotion, offensive content, stereotypes, and dangerous stunts.

    Art and Entertainment Ethics

    • Documentaries and reality programs can evoke ethical dilemmas regarding their message and impact.
    • Ethical considerations for reality tv include potentially negative social behaviors and their influence on viewers.
    • Satires may involve ethical dilemmas depending on their tone and content

    New Media

    • Social media combines journalists, citizen journalists, and users.
    • Ethical dilemmas related to sourcing, verifying information, and protecting user and source privacy need careful consideration.
    • Understanding the role of persuasion and audience consumption is critical for ethical social media practices.
    • News aggregators present ethical concerns surrounding speed and accuracy.
    • The sleeper effect theory highlights the delayed impact of persuasive messages on audiences.

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    Description

    Explore the ethical decision-making processes in multimedia through various philosophical schools of thought. This quiz covers key ethical considerations, duties to stakeholders, and major philosophies like Aristotle's, Kant's, and Mill's theories. Test your knowledge on how these frameworks apply to real-world dilemmas.

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