Questions and Answers
What was the title given to Shah Jahan that means 'King of the World' in Persian?
Shah Jahan
Which of the following was NOT one of Shah Jahan's military conquests?
Bengal
What was the name of the jewel-encrusted throne built during Shah Jahan's reign?
The Peacock Throne
Who was Shah Jahan's wife, whose death led to the construction of the Taj Mahal?
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Who was Shah Jahan's eldest son and heir apparent?
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Where was Shah Jahan imprisoned by Aurangzeb after falling ill in 1658?
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Study Notes
Early Life and Reign
- Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor of India, ruling from 1628 to 1658.
- Born in 1592 as Prince Khurram, he was the son of Emperor Jahangir and Jagat Gosaini.
- Shah Jahan means "King of the World" in Persian.
Military Campaigns and Conquests
- Shah Jahan expanded the Mughal Empire, conquering territories in:
- Deccan (1629-1631)
- Balkh and Badakhshan (1631-1632)
- Kashmir (1633-1634)
- Mewar (1633-1634)
- He also annexed the kingdoms of Baglana and Golconda.
Architectural Achievements
- Shah Jahan is famous for his architectural achievements, including:
- The Taj Mahal (1632-1653), a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal
- The Red Fort (1638-1648) in Delhi
- The Jama Masjid (1644-1656) in Delhi
- The Peacock Throne (1635), a jewel-encrusted throne
Personal Life
- Shah Jahan married Arjumand Banu Begum (Mumtaz Mahal) in 1612.
- He had 14 sons and 7 daughters, including:
- Dara Shukoh, eldest son and heir apparent
- Aurangzeb, third son and future Mughal Emperor
Later Life and Succession
- Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658, leading to a succession crisis.
- Aurangzeb seized power, imprisoning Shah Jahan in the Red Fort until his death in 1666.
Early Life and Reign
- Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor, ruling India from 1628 to 1658.
- He was born in 1592 as Prince Khurram, son of Emperor Jahangir and Jagat Gosaini.
- Shah Jahan translates to "King of the World" in Persian.
Military Campaigns and Conquests
- Shah Jahan expanded the Mughal Empire, conquering Deccan (1629-1631), Balkh and Badakhshan (1631-1632), Kashmir (1633-1634), and Mewar (1633-1634).
- He annexed the kingdoms of Baglana and Golconda.
Architectural Achievements
- Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal (1632-1653) as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
- He constructed the Red Fort (1638-1648) in Delhi and the Jama Masjid (1644-1656) in Delhi.
- He created the Peacock Throne (1635), a jewel-encrusted throne.
Personal Life
- Shah Jahan married Arjumand Banu Begum (Mumtaz Mahal) in 1612.
- He had 14 sons and 7 daughters, including Dara Shukoh, his eldest son and heir apparent, and Aurangzeb, his third son and future Mughal Emperor.
Later Life and Succession
- Shah Jahan fell ill in 1658, leading to a succession crisis.
- Aurangzeb seized power, imprisoning Shah Jahan in the Red Fort until his death in 1666.
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