MSOP1016: Science of Medicines - Antiviral Agents in Influenza Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main focus of Lecture 15 on Antiviral agents - Influenza?

Investigating the prophylactic strategies against the flu virus

Discussing the structure and life cycle of the influenza virus (correct)

Analyzing the generation of antibiotics for influenza treatment

Exploring different classes of anti-viral therapeutic agents

In terms of antiviral agents acting against RNA viruses, where can detailed information about flu virus be found?

Chapter 20: Antiviral agents in the 2013 edition of a particular book (correct)

Influenza Lecture 15 handouts provided by Dr. Edwards

An introduction to medicinal chemistry by Graham Patrick

Chapter 38 of Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry

What is the function of neuraminidase inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir?

Enhancing the antigenic variation in viruses

Preventing the spread of RNA viruses

Promoting the generation of antibiotic resistance

Inhibiting a specific enzyme to treat influenza (correct)

What is a key learning outcome related to influenza discussed in Lecture 15?

Demonstrating knowledge of anti-viral therapeutic agents based on neuraminidase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which book provides information about Neuraminidase inhibitors specifically in Chapter 38?

Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in relation to the prophylactic strategies against the flu virus?

The significance of understanding antigenic variation for vaccination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of mortality associated with influenza?

Infecting elderly individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is classified as a transition state inhibitor?

Peramivir Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neuraminidase during the influenza virus life cycle?

Assisting in virion progeny release Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sialic acid receptors do human influenza hemagglutinin molecules bind to?

a-2-6 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

Binding the virus to the target host cell Signup and view all the answers

Which classification distinguishes influenza viruses based on surface glycoproteins?

'H & N' classification Signup and view all the answers

'Swine Flu' is caused by which type of influenza virus?

H1N1 Signup and view all the answers

What was the rationale behind the approval of Rimantadine in 1993?

Decreased viral resistance by targeting two mechanisms simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Neuraminidase (NA) in the infectious process?

Catalyze the release of new viral particles from infected cells Signup and view all the answers

How did efforts to develop analogues against mutants of amantadine fare?

Successful in overcoming viral resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the slow progress in developing selective Neuraminidase inhibitors?

Lack of knowledge about the receptor structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Adamantanes like Amantadine and Rimantadine against influenza A virus at low concentrations?

Blocking a viral ion channel protein Signup and view all the answers

What led to the development and approval of Neuraminidase inhibitors?

Progress in crystal structure molecular modelling of Neuraminidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of changing the stereochemistry at C-4 in TS inhibitors?

Increases binding interactions Signup and view all the answers

In TS inhibitors, what was the result of replacing the glycerol chain with 4-amino?

Increases activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of introducing a hydroxyl group in TS inhibitors' drug design?

Reduces the electron density of the double bond Signup and view all the answers

Which type of side chain interaction led to the best activity increase from methyl to propyl ethers in Oseltamivir drug design?

Alkoxy side chain Signup and view all the answers

What was observed about the activity when changing from propyl to butyl ether in Oseltamivir drug design?

Activity decreased Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of replacing hydroxyl groups with 4-amino groups in TS inhibitors?

Enhanced binding interactions Signup and view all the answers

How does changing from methyl to n-nonyl affect the activity in Oseltamivir drug design?

Activity drops after n-nonyl Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ether analogues in Oseltamivir drug design?

Generate activity enhancements Signup and view all the answers

Why is introducing an R or S chiral center beneficial in TS inhibitors' drug design?

Suggests two hydrophobic pockets Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of converting Oseltamivir to GS4071 by esterases in the gastrointestinal tract for oral administration?

Conversion may not always be complete Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction does the glycerol side chain at C-6 primarily have in the active site?

Hydrogen bonding with glutamate residues Signup and view all the answers

What is the major advantage of the pseudo-boat conformation for Neu5Ac2en in terms of interactions and stability?

Increased hydrogen bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which functional group replacement in TS inhibitors led to the compound being selective and active in vivo?

Guanidinium group Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Zanamivir (Relenza) that makes it effective against influenza A & B?

Low bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What led to the rejection of Neu5Ac2en as a therapeutic agent despite good binding confirmation?

Inhibitory effect on mammalian NA Signup and view all the answers

How was the transition state (TS) formed in the development of Zanamivir as a neuraminidase inhibitor?

By introducing unsaturation between C-2 & C-3 Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the high selectivity of Zanamivir for influenza A NA?

Presence of a guanidinium group Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction type was crucial for the 1000-fold increase in activity seen in Zanamivir compared to Neu5Ac2en?

Van der Waals interactions Signup and view all the answers

'Why was Neu5Ac2en inactive in vivo despite its confirmed binding efficacy in crystal structures?' was a question asked due to its inhibitory effect on which type of NAs?

Mammalian NAs Signup and view all the answers

In the context of developing neuraminidase inhibitors, what characteristic made Zanamivir differ from Neu5Ac2en and led to its FDA approval?

Higher polarity and better bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of influenza virus was primarily responsible for the 2009 swine flu pandemic?

A/H1N1 Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is preferred for children aged 2-17 years, unless contraindicated?

Live influenza vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus does the nasal spray flu vaccine and some injected vaccines also offer protection against in 2017/18?

B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of flu particularly affects children in 2017/18?

Influenza B Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flu vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women?

Live influenza vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus was identified as a risk factor for the elderly and people with long-term health conditions in 2017/18?

A/H3N2 Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus was identified as the cause of a recent outbreak in a commercial poultry flock near Swindon?

H5N6 subtype of avian influenza Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus was identified as the cause of a recent outbreak in a commercial duck flock in County Tyrone?

H5N6 subtype of avian influenza Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus is a key cause of mortality associated with influenza?

A/H1N1 Signup and view all the answers

Which strain of virus was the primary focus of the 2017/18 vaccination campaign in the UK?

A/H3N2 Signup and view all the answers

Which influenza virus strain had a mortality rate of 33% in 1997?

H5N1 Signup and view all the answers

Which influenza virus subtype was responsible for the 'Russian flu' in 1977?

H1N1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses has the potential to cause a pandemic and wipe out 30% of the world population?

H5N1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Adamantanes against influenza A virus at low concentrations?

M2 ion channel blockage Signup and view all the answers

Influenza viruses are classified based on which surface glycoproteins?

Neuraminidase (NA) and Hemagglutinin (HA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Neuraminidase (NA) during the influenza virus life cycle?

Release of viral progeny from infected cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sialic acid receptors do human influenza hemagglutinin molecules bind to?

α2,6-linked sialic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which influenza virus subtype was responsible for the 'Swine Flu' in 2009?

H1N1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influenza virus subtypes are the main epidemic strains?

H1N1 and H3N2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of individuals are strongly recommended for annual influenza immunization?

Individuals aged over 6 months with chronic conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which drug, approved in Japan and Korea in 2010, achieved FDA approval for the USA in December 2014?

Peramivir Signup and view all the answers

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days?

Peramivir Signup and view all the answers

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is delivered via a Dry Powder Inhaler and marketed under the name 'Inavir'?

Laninamivir Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the IV version of Peramivir being on the market?

Issues with bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the use of Peramivir?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which neuraminidase inhibitor has a different route of delivery compared to others, involving inhalation via dry powder?

Zanamivir Signup and view all the answers

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is classified as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor with the trade name 'Inavir'?

Laninamivir Signup and view all the answers

'Rapiacta' is a neuraminidase inhibitor approved by Shionogi in which country?

'Japan' Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antiviral drugs is NOT recommended by the CDC to treat flu during the 2023-24 season in the USA?

Ribavarin Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is no longer seeking regulatory approval in the UK for treating influenza?

Peramivir Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RdRp inhibitor is most promising due to its low cytotoxicity, high resistance barrier, and broad coverage of diverse RNA viruses?

PB1 or nucleoside analogue like inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is approved for early treatment of flu in children aged 5 years to less than 12 years who do not have any chronic medical conditions?

Baloxavir marboxil Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is available as a pill or liquid suspension and is FDA approved for early treatment of flu in people 14 days and older?

Oseltamivir phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is no longer seeking regulatory approval in the UK for treating influenza due to the company informing NICE?

Peramivir Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is classified as a transition state inhibitor?

Zanamivir Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is associated with a disadvantage of converting Oseltamivir to GS4071 by esterases in the gastrointestinal tract for oral administration?

Neuraminidase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is a pill given as a single dose by mouth and is approved for early treatment of flu in all people aged 12 years and older?

Baloxavir marboxil Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is classified as a PB1 or nucleoside analogue like inhibitor?

Favipiravir Signup and view all the answers

MSOP1016: Science of Medicines - Antiviral Agents in Influenza Quiz

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of Lecture 15 on Antiviral agents - Influenza?

In terms of antiviral agents acting against RNA viruses, where can detailed information about flu virus be found?

What is the function of neuraminidase inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir?

What is a key learning outcome related to influenza discussed in Lecture 15?

Which book provides information about Neuraminidase inhibitors specifically in Chapter 38?

What is emphasized in relation to the prophylactic strategies against the flu virus?

What is the primary cause of mortality associated with influenza?

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is classified as a transition state inhibitor?

What is the primary role of neuraminidase during the influenza virus life cycle?

Which type of sialic acid receptors do human influenza hemagglutinin molecules bind to?

What is the key function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

Which classification distinguishes influenza viruses based on surface glycoproteins?

'Swine Flu' is caused by which type of influenza virus?

What was the rationale behind the approval of Rimantadine in 1993?

What is the main role of Neuraminidase (NA) in the infectious process?

How did efforts to develop analogues against mutants of amantadine fare?

What is the primary reason for the slow progress in developing selective Neuraminidase inhibitors?

What is the mechanism of action of Adamantanes like Amantadine and Rimantadine against influenza A virus at low concentrations?

What led to the development and approval of Neuraminidase inhibitors?

What is the impact of changing the stereochemistry at C-4 in TS inhibitors?

In TS inhibitors, what was the result of replacing the glycerol chain with 4-amino?

What is the effect of introducing a hydroxyl group in TS inhibitors' drug design?

Which type of side chain interaction led to the best activity increase from methyl to propyl ethers in Oseltamivir drug design?

What was observed about the activity when changing from propyl to butyl ether in Oseltamivir drug design?

What was the outcome of replacing hydroxyl groups with 4-amino groups in TS inhibitors?

How does changing from methyl to n-nonyl affect the activity in Oseltamivir drug design?

What is the role of ether analogues in Oseltamivir drug design?

Why is introducing an R or S chiral center beneficial in TS inhibitors' drug design?

What is one disadvantage of converting Oseltamivir to GS4071 by esterases in the gastrointestinal tract for oral administration?

What type of interaction does the glycerol side chain at C-6 primarily have in the active site?

What is the major advantage of the pseudo-boat conformation for Neu5Ac2en in terms of interactions and stability?

Which functional group replacement in TS inhibitors led to the compound being selective and active in vivo?

What is a characteristic of Zanamivir (Relenza) that makes it effective against influenza A & B?

What led to the rejection of Neu5Ac2en as a therapeutic agent despite good binding confirmation?

How was the transition state (TS) formed in the development of Zanamivir as a neuraminidase inhibitor?

What factor contributed to the high selectivity of Zanamivir for influenza A NA?

Which interaction type was crucial for the 1000-fold increase in activity seen in Zanamivir compared to Neu5Ac2en?

'Why was Neu5Ac2en inactive in vivo despite its confirmed binding efficacy in crystal structures?' was a question asked due to its inhibitory effect on which type of NAs?

In the context of developing neuraminidase inhibitors, what characteristic made Zanamivir differ from Neu5Ac2en and led to its FDA approval?

Which strain of influenza virus was primarily responsible for the 2009 swine flu pandemic?

What type of vaccine is preferred for children aged 2-17 years, unless contraindicated?

Which strain of virus does the nasal spray flu vaccine and some injected vaccines also offer protection against in 2017/18?

Which strain of flu particularly affects children in 2017/18?

Which type of flu vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women?

Which strain of virus was identified as a risk factor for the elderly and people with long-term health conditions in 2017/18?

Which strain of virus was identified as the cause of a recent outbreak in a commercial poultry flock near Swindon?

Which strain of virus was identified as the cause of a recent outbreak in a commercial duck flock in County Tyrone?

Which strain of virus is a key cause of mortality associated with influenza?

Which strain of virus was the primary focus of the 2017/18 vaccination campaign in the UK?

Which influenza virus strain had a mortality rate of 33% in 1997?

Which influenza virus subtype was responsible for the 'Russian flu' in 1977?

Which of the following viruses has the potential to cause a pandemic and wipe out 30% of the world population?

What is the mechanism of action of Adamantanes against influenza A virus at low concentrations?

Influenza viruses are classified based on which surface glycoproteins?

What is the primary role of Neuraminidase (NA) during the influenza virus life cycle?

Which type of sialic acid receptors do human influenza hemagglutinin molecules bind to?

Which influenza virus subtype was responsible for the 'Swine Flu' in 2009?

Which of the following influenza virus subtypes are the main epidemic strains?

Which of the following groups of individuals are strongly recommended for annual influenza immunization?

Which drug, approved in Japan and Korea in 2010, achieved FDA approval for the USA in December 2014?

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days?

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is delivered via a Dry Powder Inhaler and marketed under the name 'Inavir'?

What was the primary reason for the IV version of Peramivir being on the market?

What is a common side effect associated with the use of Peramivir?

Which neuraminidase inhibitor has a different route of delivery compared to others, involving inhalation via dry powder?

Which neuraminidase inhibitor is classified as a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor with the trade name 'Inavir'?

'Rapiacta' is a neuraminidase inhibitor approved by Shionogi in which country?

Which of the following antiviral drugs is NOT recommended by the CDC to treat flu during the 2023-24 season in the USA?

Which antiviral drug is no longer seeking regulatory approval in the UK for treating influenza?

Which type of RdRp inhibitor is most promising due to its low cytotoxicity, high resistance barrier, and broad coverage of diverse RNA viruses?

Which antiviral drug is approved for early treatment of flu in children aged 5 years to less than 12 years who do not have any chronic medical conditions?

Which antiviral drug is available as a pill or liquid suspension and is FDA approved for early treatment of flu in people 14 days and older?

Which antiviral drug is no longer seeking regulatory approval in the UK for treating influenza due to the company informing NICE?

Which antiviral drug is classified as a transition state inhibitor?

Which type of drug is associated with a disadvantage of converting Oseltamivir to GS4071 by esterases in the gastrointestinal tract for oral administration?

Which antiviral drug is a pill given as a single dose by mouth and is approved for early treatment of flu in all people aged 12 years and older?

Which antiviral drug is classified as a PB1 or nucleoside analogue like inhibitor?