Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of viruses do antiviral drugs against RNA viruses like HIV target?
What type of viruses do antiviral drugs against RNA viruses like HIV target?
RNA viruses
Who authored the article 'Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years'?
Who authored the article 'Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years'?
De Clercq E, Li G
In which book and chapter can you find information on Acyclic nucleoside analogues?
In which book and chapter can you find information on Acyclic nucleoside analogues?
Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Chapter: Viral chemotherapy, general approaches
What is the main focus of Lecture 14 on Nucleoside & Nucleotide analogues?
What is the main focus of Lecture 14 on Nucleoside & Nucleotide analogues?
What are the three main classes of anti-viral therapeutic agents used to treat HIV?
What are the three main classes of anti-viral therapeutic agents used to treat HIV?
What is the structure of HIV and how does it replicate within host cells?
What is the structure of HIV and how does it replicate within host cells?
What are some limitations of current anti-viral therapeutic agents used to treat HIV?
What are some limitations of current anti-viral therapeutic agents used to treat HIV?
Describe the key challenges associated with developing therapeutics for HIV.
Describe the key challenges associated with developing therapeutics for HIV.
What are Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and how do they work against HIV?
What are Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and how do they work against HIV?
Why is it important to understand the genetic variation and subtypes of HIV?
Why is it important to understand the genetic variation and subtypes of HIV?
What are the two viral enzymes most commonly targeted by clinically useful drugs for HIV treatment?
What are the two viral enzymes most commonly targeted by clinically useful drugs for HIV treatment?
Which viral protein interacts with CD4 on host T-cells during the adsorption and penetration process of HIV?
Which viral protein interacts with CD4 on host T-cells during the adsorption and penetration process of HIV?
What is the role of viral reverse transcriptase in the replication of the HIV genome?
What is the role of viral reverse transcriptase in the replication of the HIV genome?
What is the final step in the process of creating new virions within a host cell?
What is the final step in the process of creating new virions within a host cell?
What is the term used for medication given to HIV-negative individuals after potential exposure to the virus?
What is the term used for medication given to HIV-negative individuals after potential exposure to the virus?
What is the primary high-risk situation for HIV transmission that is often mentioned for preventive measures?
What is the primary high-risk situation for HIV transmission that is often mentioned for preventive measures?
What is the term for medication given to individuals with increased risk of HIV infection before potential exposure?
What is the term for medication given to individuals with increased risk of HIV infection before potential exposure?
What is the key challenge mentioned in the text regarding the development of a vaccine for HIV?
What is the key challenge mentioned in the text regarding the development of a vaccine for HIV?
Which viral protein binds to CD4 on the host membrane and tags it with ubiquitin for removal?
Which viral protein binds to CD4 on the host membrane and tags it with ubiquitin for removal?
What type of nucleic acid does the HIV virus contain?
What type of nucleic acid does the HIV virus contain?
What is the ideal target for HIV drug therapy?
What is the ideal target for HIV drug therapy?
What is the mechanism of action of Zidovudine (AZT)?
What is the mechanism of action of Zidovudine (AZT)?
What was the second HIV drug approved in the USA?
What was the second HIV drug approved in the USA?
What are the two drugs generated by replacing the 3' carbon with a sulfur atom?
What are the two drugs generated by replacing the 3' carbon with a sulfur atom?
Name the only guanosine analogue among the clinically useful NRTIs.
Name the only guanosine analogue among the clinically useful NRTIs.
What is the base of Stavudine, a thymidine analogue?
What is the base of Stavudine, a thymidine analogue?
What is the base of Zalcitabine, a cytosine analogue?
What is the base of Zalcitabine, a cytosine analogue?
What is the common mechanism of action for Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?
What is the common mechanism of action for Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?
Why do NRTIs require triphosphorylation for activity?
Why do NRTIs require triphosphorylation for activity?
What is the role of prodrugs like Adefovir and Tenofovir in NRTI therapy?
What is the role of prodrugs like Adefovir and Tenofovir in NRTI therapy?
What are the two main components of combination therapy for HIV mentioned in the text?
What are the two main components of combination therapy for HIV mentioned in the text?
What is the mechanism of action of NNRTIs?
What is the mechanism of action of NNRTIs?
What is the main issue mentioned with Delavirdine?
What is the main issue mentioned with Delavirdine?
How do 2nd generation NNRTIs interact with the binding pocket?
How do 2nd generation NNRTIs interact with the binding pocket?
What is the main benefit of administering PIs and RTIs together?
What is the main benefit of administering PIs and RTIs together?
Why are PIs different from RTIs in terms of activation?
Why are PIs different from RTIs in terms of activation?
What is the main challenge faced in developing PIs from peptide lead compounds?
What is the main challenge faced in developing PIs from peptide lead compounds?
What are the two binding sites distinct from each other mentioned in the text?
What are the two binding sites distinct from each other mentioned in the text?
What feature distinguishes Nevirapine and Delavirdine from other NNRTIs mentioned in the text?
What feature distinguishes Nevirapine and Delavirdine from other NNRTIs mentioned in the text?
What is the role of X-ray crystallography in designing inhibitors for viral HIV protease?
What is the role of X-ray crystallography in designing inhibitors for viral HIV protease?
How does the combination of multiple drugs in HAART therapy help minimize the risk of resistance?
How does the combination of multiple drugs in HAART therapy help minimize the risk of resistance?
What is the probability of developing resistance when taking 3 drugs with a mutation chance of 1:10,000 for each drug?
What is the probability of developing resistance when taking 3 drugs with a mutation chance of 1:10,000 for each drug?
Why is patient compliance important in HIV treatment?
Why is patient compliance important in HIV treatment?
What are the three classes of drugs commonly used in HIV treatment?
What are the three classes of drugs commonly used in HIV treatment?
What is the main function of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in HIV treatment?
What is the main function of Protease Inhibitors (PIs) in HIV treatment?
Why is a combined HAART approach considered more effective than a single drug approach in HIV treatment?
Why is a combined HAART approach considered more effective than a single drug approach in HIV treatment?
What is the role of the HIV protease enzyme in the HIV life cycle?
What is the role of the HIV protease enzyme in the HIV life cycle?
Why is the interface between two protein units of the HIV protease enzyme important?
Why is the interface between two protein units of the HIV protease enzyme important?
What gives the HIV protease enzyme specificity for the virus rather than the cell?
What gives the HIV protease enzyme specificity for the virus rather than the cell?
How many variants of HIV protease exist and what is the sequence match between them?
How many variants of HIV protease exist and what is the sequence match between them?
What is the purpose of inhibitors binding to both variants of HIV protease?
What is the purpose of inhibitors binding to both variants of HIV protease?
What is the significance of introducing stable tetrahedral features in designing HIV-Protease inhibitors?
What is the significance of introducing stable tetrahedral features in designing HIV-Protease inhibitors?
Why is the hydroxyethylamine isostere considered effective in designing HIV-Protease inhibitors?
Why is the hydroxyethylamine isostere considered effective in designing HIV-Protease inhibitors?
What is the role of Asp-25, Thr-26, and Gly-27 in the active site of the HIV protease enzyme?
What is the role of Asp-25, Thr-26, and Gly-27 in the active site of the HIV protease enzyme?
How many binding subsites are available for amino acid side chains in HIV-Protease?
How many binding subsites are available for amino acid side chains in HIV-Protease?
Why is the broad substrate specificity of the HIV protease enzyme significant?
Why is the broad substrate specificity of the HIV protease enzyme significant?
What are the desirable features of HIV-Protease Inhibitors?
What are the desirable features of HIV-Protease Inhibitors?
What are the disadvantages associated with Saquinavir?
What are the disadvantages associated with Saquinavir?
How was Saquinavir modified to simplify its structure and improve its features?
How was Saquinavir modified to simplify its structure and improve its features?
What was the lead compound used to design Tipranavir?
What was the lead compound used to design Tipranavir?
What is the significance of the transition state isostere in the design of Saquinavir?
What is the significance of the transition state isostere in the design of Saquinavir?
How did the design strategy differ between Ritonavir (1st generation) and Lopinavir (2nd generation)?
How did the design strategy differ between Ritonavir (1st generation) and Lopinavir (2nd generation)?
Which modern protease inhibitor aims to increase metabolic stability compared to precursor analogues?
Which modern protease inhibitor aims to increase metabolic stability compared to precursor analogues?
What compound showed weak protease inhibition but analogues like Phenprocoumon were more active with good oral bioavailability?
What compound showed weak protease inhibition but analogues like Phenprocoumon were more active with good oral bioavailability?
What are some key features to consider in the design of protease inhibitors?
What are some key features to consider in the design of protease inhibitors?
Why is it important to start small and build up in the design of HIV-Protease Inhibitors?
Why is it important to start small and build up in the design of HIV-Protease Inhibitors?
