Skeletal System 1 week 27

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Questions and Answers

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.

True

The sinuses and fontanelles are located in the cranium.

True

The vertebral column is also known as the spinal column.

True

The axial skeleton provides an extensive surface area for muscle attachment and supports the limbs.

False Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic cage is formed by bones.

True Signup and view all the answers

The axial skeleton supports and protects organs in the cranial and spinal cavities only.

False Signup and view all the answers

The joints of the axial skeleton permit unlimited movement.

False Signup and view all the answers

The bones of the skull protect the brain and guard the entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems.

True Signup and view all the answers

The skull contains 24 bones.

False Signup and view all the answers

The hyoid bone is connected to the inferior surfaces of the temporal bones by a pair of ligaments.

True Signup and view all the answers

The ear ossicles are the largest bones of the body.

False Signup and view all the answers

The vomer is a thick bone that divides the nasal cavity.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sutures are movable joints between skull bones.

False Signup and view all the answers

Paranasal sinuses lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus.

True Signup and view all the answers

The fontanelles convert to bone within 12 months after birth.

False Signup and view all the answers

The hyoid bone supports the larynx and is the attachment site for muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue.

True Signup and view all the answers

The orbits are bony cavities in which the ears are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

The walls of the orbit are formed by five bones.

False Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and supports the head.

True Signup and view all the answers

There are 5 lumbar vertebrae in the vertebral column.

False Signup and view all the answers

The cervical and lumbar curves of the vertebral column bulge posteriorly.

False Signup and view all the answers

The transverse process extends dorsally from the vertebral arch.

False Signup and view all the answers

The sacrum is made up of 4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into one unit.

False Signup and view all the answers

Intervertebral discs account for about one-half of the length of the vertebral column.

False Signup and view all the answers

The vertebral column provides strong bony protection for the delicate spinal cord lying within it.

True Signup and view all the answers

Scoliosis is most commonly found in older adults.

False Signup and view all the answers

The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs.

True Signup and view all the answers

The ribs #8-12 articulate with the sternum directly by costal cartilages.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the axial skeleton primarily support and protect?

Cranial and spinal cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

Surround and protect vital organs such as the heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the typical vertebra?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vertebral column in respiratory movements?

Perform respiratory movements Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the bony thorax primarily support and protect?

Abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

Supports the head and provides point of attachment for back muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the vertebral column?

Allows for unlimited movement Signup and view all the answers

What are the regions of the vertebral column in order from superior to inferior?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the cervical and lumbar curves in the vertebral column?

They bulge anteriorly Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra lacks a body and spinous process?

C1: atlas Signup and view all the answers

What is the foundation for the pelvic girdle?

Sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the adult vertebral column?

$71$ cm Signup and view all the answers

What causes compression in the vertebral column to absorb water?

Being active during the day Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis Signup and view all the answers

What causes lordosis (swayback) in some individuals?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thoracic cage forms by age 25 years?

Body of sternum Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs articulate with the sternum directly by costal cartilages?

Ribs #1-7 Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are associated with the face in the skull?

14 Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Lighten the skull, moisten and clean the air, and give resonance to voice Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fontanelles in the foetal skull?

To allow deformation at birth and then calcify to form sutures Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is connected to the inferior surfaces of the temporal bones by a pair of ligaments?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles situated within the skull?

Within the temporal bones of the cranium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Support the larynx and pharynx muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which bone creates turbulence in air passing from the nasal cavity?

Inferior nasal conchae Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the majority of the bony thorax?

Ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fontanelles in the foetal skull?

Allow for expansion of the skull during birth Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is connected to the inferior surfaces of the temporal bones by a pair of ligaments?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the cervical and lumbar curves in the vertebral column?

They bulge posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles situated within the skull?

Middle ear Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses in the skull?

Lighten the skull and produce mucus to moisten and clean adjacent air Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fontanelles in the foetal skull?

To allow the brain to grow Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheeks?

Zygomatic bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

To support the larynx and provide attachment sites for muscles of the larynx, tongue, and pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

To lighten the skull and give resonance and amplification to voice Signup and view all the answers

Which bone divides the nasal cavity into two parts?

Vomer Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles situated within the skull?

Within the temporal bones Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is connected to the inferior surfaces of the temporal bones by a pair of ligaments?

Hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sutures in the skull?

To form immovable joints between skull bones Signup and view all the answers

Which bones protect the brain and guard the entrances to the digestive and respiratory systems?

Cranium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of paranasal sinuses?

To produce mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to sinus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body does the hyoid bone primarily support and protect?

Larynx, pharynx, and tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vertebral column?

To protect the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the cervical and lumbar curves in the vertebral column?

Bulge anteriorly Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the typical vertebra?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the lower jaw?

Mandible Signup and view all the answers

What causes lordosis (swayback) in some individuals?

Pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Supports the larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the adult vertebral column?

$71$ cm Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles situated within the skull?

In the middle ear Signup and view all the answers

What causes compression in the vertebral column to absorb water?

Intervertebral discs movement Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs articulate with the sternum directly by costal cartilages?

First seven pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the thoracic cage?

Enclosing and protecting spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What are the regions of the vertebral column in order from superior to inferior?

Cervical, thoracic, sacrum, lumbar, coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts that form the axial skeleton?

Skull, Vertebral column, Bony thorax Signup and view all the answers

Explain the function of fontanelles in the skull.

Allow for the compression of the skull during birth and accommodate the rapid growth of the brain in early life Signup and view all the answers

Describe the characteristics of a typical vertebra.

It has a body, vertebral arch, and seven processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thoracic cage?

Support and protect the organs in the thoracic cavity, and assist in respiratory movements Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of the vertebral column in stabilizing the appendicular skeleton.

It stabilizes or positions parts of the appendicular skeleton which supports the limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

They lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinuses Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

The paranasal sinuses lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus. Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the typical vertebra?

A typical vertebra is composed of 26 bones. Signup and view all the answers

What causes lordosis (swayback) in some individuals?

Lordosis (swayback) can be caused by factors such as pregnancy or obesity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis is the most common abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

The vertebral column provides strong bony protection for the delicate spinal cord lying within it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of paranasal sinuses?

The primary function of paranasal sinuses is to lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sutures in the skull?

Sutures in the skull serve as immovable joints between skull bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the adult vertebral column?

The adult vertebral column averages about 71 cm (28 in.) in length. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage provides strong bony protection for the delicate spinal cord lying within it. Signup and view all the answers

What causes compression in the vertebral column to absorb water?

Compression in the vertebral column causes water to be squeezed out during the day and absorbed back when compression is removed during sleep. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

The functions of the vertebral column include enclosing the spinal cord, supporting the head, and providing points of attachment for muscles of the back, ribs, and pelvic girdle. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

The paranasal sinuses lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

The paranasal sinuses lighten the skull, produce mucus to moisten and clean the air, and give resonance and amplification to the voice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sutures in the skull?

Sutures in the skull form immovable joints between skull bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fontanelles in the foetal skull?

Fontanelles in the foetal skull allow the brain to grow and convert to bone within 24 months after birth. Signup and view all the answers

How many bones form the cranium, or braincase?

Eight bones form the cranium, or braincase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

The hyoid bone supports the larynx and is the attachment site for muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the auditory ossicles situated within the skull?

The auditory ossicles are situated within the temporal bones of the cranium. Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the two sets of bones in the skull?

The two sets of bones in the skull are the cranium and the facial bones. Signup and view all the answers

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheeks?

The zygomatic bone forms the prominence of the cheeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column?

The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and supports the head. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

The paranasal sinuses lighten the skull, produce mucus to moisten and clean the air, and give resonance and amplification to the voice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage primarily supports and protects the organs of the thorax, including the heart and lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique function of the inferior nasal conchae in the skull?

The inferior nasal conchae create turbulence in air passing from the nasal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.
It provides an extensive surface area for muscle attachment and supports the limbs.
It supports and protects organs in the cranial and spinal cavities.

Skull

The skull contains 24 bones.
The hyoid bone is connected to the inferior surfaces of the temporal bones by a pair of ligaments.
The vomer is a thick bone that divides the nasal cavity.
Paranascal sinuses lighten the skull by producing mucus that moistens and cleans the air in and adjacent to the sinus.
Fontanelles convert to bone within 12 months after birth.
Sutures are movable joints between skull bones.
The orbits are bony cavities in which the ears are firmly encased and cushioned by fatty tissue.
The walls of the orbit are formed by five bones.

Vertebral Column

The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and supports the head.
There are 5 lumbar vertebrae in the vertebral column.
The cervical and lumbar curves of the vertebral column bulge posteriorly.
The transverse process extends dorsally from the vertebral arch.
The sacrum is made up of 4 coccygeal vertebrae fused into one unit.
Intervertebral discs account for about one-half of the length of the vertebral column.
The vertebral column provides strong bony protection for the delicate spinal cord lying within it.
Scoliosis is most commonly found in older adults.

Thoracic Cage

The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs.
Ribs #8-12 articulate with the sternum directly by costal cartilages.
The thoracic cage forms the majority of the bony thorax.

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