Skeletal System 2 week 27
111 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

The adult human skeleton has 206 bones.

True

Compact bone tissue contains many spaces.

False

The skeletal system includes ligaments but not tendons.

False

The axial division of the skeletal system includes skull bones.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mineral homeostasis is not one of the functions of bones.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The haversian systems are repeating structural units found in spongy bone tissue.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under stress, bone tissue becomes weaker through decreased deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibres by osteoblasts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Without mechanical stress, bone remodels normally because bone resorption occurs at the same rate as bone formation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main mechanical stresses on bone are those that result from the push of skeletal muscles and the push of gravity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deficiency of Vitamin A can result in fragile bones.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive Growth Hormone can lead to dwarfism.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insufficient Thyroid Hormone stimulates bone growth.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sex hormones contribute to adolescent growth spurt.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical stress stimulates bone growth.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glucocorticoids activate osteoblasts and deposition of bone.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vitamin C deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spongy bone tissue contains osteons.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long bones typically have a shaft with heads at both ends.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flat bones contain mostly compact bone.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Osteoblasts are bone-destroying cells.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone remodeling is only a process by osteoblasts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endochondral ossification is a method where bone forms within sheets of mesenchyme.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

During endochondral ossification, the development of the medullary cavity occurs at the end of bone growth.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epiphyseal plates allow for the growth of long bones during adulthood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone resorption is the action of osteoblasts and calcitonin.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood levels of Ca2+ are controlled by positive feedback loops.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone tissue has the ability to alter its strength in response to changes in mechanical stress.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bones in the human body?

<p>Mineral homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the skeletal system includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip bones?

<p>Appendicular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tissue found in compact bone?

<p>Haversian systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process does bone formation occur within sheets of mesenchyme?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

<p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue contains osteons or haversian systems?

<p>Compact bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason bone does not remodel normally without mechanical stress?

<p>Rapid bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is required for bone development before puberty?

<p>Insulin-like growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency results in fragile bones?

<p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone can lead to gigantism and acromegaly if in excess?

<p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates bone growth?

<p>Physical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanical stress on bone that results from the pull of skeletal muscles and gravity?

<p>Tensile force</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency results in rickets and osteomalacia?

<p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes bone formation and stimulates ossification of epiphyseal plates?

<p>Sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of weight-bearing activity in bone development?

<p>Stimulates bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is required for adolescent growth spurt?

<p>Sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone typically contains mostly spongy bone?

<p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the articular cartilage in long bones?

<p>To decrease friction at joint surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum in long bones?

<p>To supply bone cells with nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

<p>Removal of bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of bone formation does mesenchyme form hyaline cartilage which then develops into bone?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiphyseal plates in long bones during childhood?

<p>To allow for growth of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity and decreases loss of Ca2+ in urine as part of bone homeostasis?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bone tissue respond to changes in mechanical stress?

<p>By altering its strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones contain thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone?

<p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during endochondral ossification at the time of birth?

<p>Formation of secondary ossification center</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which most bones form according to the text?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Yellow marrow mostly composed of fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone typically contains mostly spongy bone?

<p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

<p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the skeletal system includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip bones?

<p>Appendicular division</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during endochondral ossification at the time of birth?

<p>Formation of the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under stress, bone tissue becomes weaker through decreased deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibres by osteoblasts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of weight-bearing activity in bone development?

<p>Stimulates production of collagen fibres by osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is required for bone development before puberty?

<p>Human Growth Hormone (hGH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during endochondral ossification at the time of birth?

<p>Formation of the medullary cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the articular cartilage in long bones?

<p>Acts as a shock absorber at joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency results in fragile bones?

<p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanical stress on bone that results from the pull of skeletal muscles and gravity?

<p>Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone typically contains mostly spongy bone?

<p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

<p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Yellow bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes bone formation and stimulates ossification of epiphyseal plates?

<p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which most bones form according to the text?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Sharpey's fibers responsible for?

<p>Securing periosteum to underlying bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones are generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone?

<p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the articular cartilage in long bones?

<p>Decreasing friction at joint surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

<p>Breaking down bone matrix for remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone tissue contains osteons or Haversian systems?

<p>Compact bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during endochondral ossification at the time of birth?

<p>Development of secondary ossification center</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity and decreases loss of Ca2+ in urine as part of bone homeostasis?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Yellow marrow mostly fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates bone growth?

<p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the skeletal system includes bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder, and hip bones?

<p>Appendicular skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

<p>206 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to bone development, growth, and repair, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Adequate minerals (Ca, P, Mg), Vitamins A, C, D, hormones (hGH, thyroid hormone, sex hormones), weight-bearing activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does deficiency of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D affect bone development, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Vitamin A deficiency retards bone development, Vitamin C deficiency results in fragile bones, and Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets and osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of insufficient and excessive growth hormone on bone growth, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Insufficient growth hormone leads to dwarfism, while excessive growth hormone leads to gigantism and acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sex hormones and physical stress contribute to bone formation, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Sex hormones promote bone formation and stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates, while physical stress stimulates bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of insufficient thyroid hormone on bone growth, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Insufficient thyroid hormone delays bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucocorticoids in bone homeostasis, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Glucocorticoids activate osteoclasts and the resorption of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does physical stress affect bone tissue, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Physical stress stimulates bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that contribute to the strength of bone tissue, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased deposition of mineral salts and production of collagen fibers by osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanical stress on bone, as mentioned in the text?

<p>The pull of skeletal muscles and the pull of gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors necessary for bone development, growth, and repair, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Adequate minerals (Ca, P, Mg), Vitamins A, C, D, hormones (hGH, thyroid hormone, sex hormones), weight-bearing activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epiphyseal plates in long bones during childhood?

<p>Allow for growth of long bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during endochondral ossification at the time of birth?

<p>Formation of secondary ossification center and articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates bone growth?

<p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which most bones form according to the text?

<p>Endochondral ossification</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

<p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone typically contains mostly spongy bone?

<p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Yellow marrow (mostly fat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During endochondral ossification, the development of the medullary cavity occurs at what stage of bone growth?

<p>Towards the end of bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the articular cartilage in long bones?

<p>Covers the external surface of the epiphyses and decreases friction at joint surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency results in rickets and osteomalacia?

<p>Vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone promotes bone formation and stimulates ossification of epiphyseal plates?

<p>Thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bone tissue respond to changes in mechanical stress?

<p>Alters its strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six functions of bones?

<p>Support of the body, Protection of soft organs, Assistance in movement, Mineral homeostasis, Blood cell production, Triglyceride storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bones does the adult skeleton have?

<p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two basic types of bone tissue?

<p>Compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanical stress on bone that results from the push of skeletal muscles and the push of gravity?

<p>Weight-bearing activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

<p>Axial and Appendicular</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the medullary cavity in adults according to the text?

<p>Yellow bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser