Lecture 3: Movement into Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the plasma membrane primarily made of?

  • Water molecules
  • Lipid bilayers (correct)
  • Glucose molecules
  • Proteins and RNA

    • Which of the following molecules are permeable through lipid bilayers?

  • Glucose
  • Ions like Na+
  • Proteins
  • Water (correct)

    • What process describes the movement of molecules due to random motion to achieve equal distribution?

  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Bulk flow

    • Which molecules are lipid bilayers NOT permeable to?

    <p>Ions like K+, Na+, Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does water flow in osmosis?

    <p>To where the solute concentration is lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term defines the bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into a compartment with higher solute concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In osmosis, where do water molecules move in response to a higher concentration of solutes?

    <p>Towards the higher concentration of solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins in the cell membrane form pores that allow ions and nutrients to move through?

    <p>Channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process where ions and nutrients move through the cell membrane via channels or transporters?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a red blood cell placed in a solution where the osmotic pressure outside is higher than inside causing it to shrink?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is involved in causing hyperekplexia by acting on glycine receptors?

    <p>Chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

    <p>Both concentration gradient and membrane permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process often uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular process involves engulfing particles?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is heavily implicated in nutrient uptake, signal transduction, and synaptic vesicle recycling?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cell membranes regulate the flow of substances into and out of cells?

    <p>By creating compartmentalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aquaporins?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does active transport differ from passive transport?

    <p>Active transport requires ATP energy, while passive transport does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the action of the Na-K ATPase pump?

    <p>Movement of more sodium ions out of the cell than potassium ions into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What establishes the electrochemical driving force in cells?

    <p>Sodium-Potassium Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Peter Agre win the Nobel Prize for in 2004?

    <p>For his research on aquaporins as water channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In active transport, what role does ATP play?

    <p>ATP provides energy to move substances against a concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between channels and transporters in the cell membrane?

    <p>Channels allow ions and nutrients to move through pores via facilitated diffusion, while transporters can use both facilitated diffusion and active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is implicated in the movement of substances by engulfing particles into the cell?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patch-clamping, what is the primary function of the ion channels being studied?

    <p>To allow passive movement of ions through a pore in the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in cellular processes?

    <p>Actively transporting sodium and potassium ions across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aquaporins in cell membranes?

    <p>Actively transporting water molecules across membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does active transport differ from facilitated diffusion regarding the movement of substances across membranes?

    <p>Active transport requires energy input to move substances against a concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of ions and nutrients through channels or transporters in the cell membrane?

    <p>Patch-clamping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump in cells?

    <p>Moves Na+ out and K+ in against their concentration gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used to study the function of single ion channels in cells?

    <p>Patch-clamping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In active transport, which molecule provides the energy needed for carrying out this process?

    <p>$\text{ATP}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes facilitated diffusion compared to active transport?

    <p>$\text{Channel saturation}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

    <p>Create an electrochemical gradient by pumping ions against their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes active transport from facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Active transport requires energy input, while facilitated diffusion does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cellular function, what does patch-clamping primarily allow scientists to study?

    <p>Ion channel activity and currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

    <p>Dependent on both its concentration gradient and membrane permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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