Lecture 3: Movement into Cells

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What is the plasma membrane primarily made of?

Water molecules

Lipid bilayers (correct)

Glucose molecules

Proteins and RNA

Which of the following molecules are permeable through lipid bilayers?

Glucose

Ions like Na+

Proteins

Water (correct)

What process describes the movement of molecules due to random motion to achieve equal distribution?

Osmosis

Active transport

Diffusion (correct)

Bulk flow

Which molecules are lipid bilayers NOT permeable to?

Ions like K+, Na+, Cl- Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does water flow in osmosis?

To where the solute concentration is lower Signup and view all the answers

What term defines the bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into a compartment with higher solute concentration?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution?

Hypertonic Signup and view all the answers

In osmosis, where do water molecules move in response to a higher concentration of solutes?

Towards the higher concentration of solutes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins in the cell membrane form pores that allow ions and nutrients to move through?

Channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process where ions and nutrients move through the cell membrane via channels or transporters?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a red blood cell placed in a solution where the osmotic pressure outside is higher than inside causing it to shrink?

Hypertonic Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is involved in causing hyperekplexia by acting on glycine receptors?

Chloride Signup and view all the answers

What determines the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

Both concentration gradient and membrane permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which process often uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process involves engulfing particles?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which process is heavily implicated in nutrient uptake, signal transduction, and synaptic vesicle recycling?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

How do cell membranes regulate the flow of substances into and out of cells?

By creating compartmentalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of aquaporins?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

How does active transport differ from passive transport?

Active transport requires ATP energy, while passive transport does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of the action of the Na-K ATPase pump?

Movement of more sodium ions out of the cell than potassium ions into the cell Signup and view all the answers

What establishes the electrochemical driving force in cells?

Sodium-Potassium Pump Signup and view all the answers

What did Peter Agre win the Nobel Prize for in 2004?

For his research on aquaporins as water channels Signup and view all the answers

In active transport, what role does ATP play?

ATP provides energy to move substances against a concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between channels and transporters in the cell membrane?

Channels allow ions and nutrients to move through pores via facilitated diffusion, while transporters can use both facilitated diffusion and active transport. Signup and view all the answers

Which process is implicated in the movement of substances by engulfing particles into the cell?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

In patch-clamping, what is the primary function of the ion channels being studied?

To allow passive movement of ions through a pore in the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in cellular processes?

Actively transporting sodium and potassium ions across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of aquaporins in cell membranes?

Actively transporting water molecules across membranes Signup and view all the answers

How does active transport differ from facilitated diffusion regarding the movement of substances across membranes?

Active transport requires energy input to move substances against a concentration gradient, while facilitated diffusion does not. Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the movement of ions and nutrients through channels or transporters in the cell membrane?

Patch-clamping Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump in cells?

Moves Na+ out and K+ in against their concentration gradients Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to study the function of single ion channels in cells?

Patch-clamping Signup and view all the answers

In active transport, which molecule provides the energy needed for carrying out this process?

$\text{ATP}$ Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes facilitated diffusion compared to active transport?

$\text{Channel saturation}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

Create an electrochemical gradient by pumping ions against their concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes active transport from facilitated diffusion?

Active transport requires energy input, while facilitated diffusion does not Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cellular function, what does patch-clamping primarily allow scientists to study?

Ion channel activity and currents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

Dependent on both its concentration gradient and membrane permeability Signup and view all the answers

Lecture 3: Movement into Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is the plasma membrane primarily made of?

Which of the following molecules are permeable through lipid bilayers?

What process describes the movement of molecules due to random motion to achieve equal distribution?

Which molecules are lipid bilayers NOT permeable to?

In which direction does water flow in osmosis?

What term defines the bulk flow of water through a semipermeable membrane into a compartment with higher solute concentration?

What type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution?

In osmosis, where do water molecules move in response to a higher concentration of solutes?

Which type of proteins in the cell membrane form pores that allow ions and nutrients to move through?

What is the term used to describe the process where ions and nutrients move through the cell membrane via channels or transporters?

What term describes a red blood cell placed in a solution where the osmotic pressure outside is higher than inside causing it to shrink?

Which molecule is involved in causing hyperekplexia by acting on glycine receptors?

What determines the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

Which process often uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

What cellular process involves engulfing particles?

Which process is heavily implicated in nutrient uptake, signal transduction, and synaptic vesicle recycling?

Which organelle is involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

How do cell membranes regulate the flow of substances into and out of cells?

What is the main function of aquaporins?

How does active transport differ from passive transport?

What is the main consequence of the action of the Na-K ATPase pump?

What establishes the electrochemical driving force in cells?

What did Peter Agre win the Nobel Prize for in 2004?

In active transport, what role does ATP play?

What is the main difference between channels and transporters in the cell membrane?

Which process is implicated in the movement of substances by engulfing particles into the cell?

In patch-clamping, what is the primary function of the ion channels being studied?

What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in cellular processes?

What is the main function of aquaporins in cell membranes?

How does active transport differ from facilitated diffusion regarding the movement of substances across membranes?

What type of transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Which process involves the movement of ions and nutrients through channels or transporters in the cell membrane?

What is the primary function of the Sodium-Potassium Pump in cells?

What technique is used to study the function of single ion channels in cells?

In active transport, which molecule provides the energy needed for carrying out this process?

What characterizes facilitated diffusion compared to active transport?

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?

Which of the following processes uses the Na+ gradient as a driving force for regulated movement of nutrients across the membrane?

What distinguishes active transport from facilitated diffusion?

Which organelle is primarily involved in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis?

In the context of cellular function, what does patch-clamping primarily allow scientists to study?

Which of the following correctly describes the relative contribution of an ion in crossing the plasma membrane?

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