Digestive system
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the mouth in the digestive system?

  • Mixing and breaking down food into chyme
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Secretion of hydrochloric acid
  • Mastication (chewing) (correct)

    • Which gland secretes the largest amount of saliva?

  • Parotid (ear) (correct)
  • Sublingual (tongue)
  • Submandibular (jaw)
  • Pancreatic

    • What is the main component of saliva?

  • Proteins (correct)
  • 99.5% electrolytes
  • Mucus
  • 0.5% water

    • Which type of acinar cells in the salivary glands produces amylase?

    <p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of saliva in relation to digestion?

    <p>Lubrication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pharynx in the digestive system?

    <p>Takes food to the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter prevents stomach contents from entering the oesophagus?

    <p>Gastroesophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the stomach in protein digestion?

    <p>Begins protein digestion through secretion of hydrochloric acid and enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What controls the amount of chyme entering the small intestine?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells in the stomach mucosa produce mucus?

    <p>Mucous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stomach acid?

    <p>Breaks down connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete histamines in the stomach?

    <p>Enterochromaffin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of D cells in the stomach?

    <p>Decrease production of stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the duodenum receive chyme, bile, and pancreatic enzymes?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the colon?

    <p>Water and salt reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ secretes bile and allows fats to be emulsified?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes osmotic diarrhea?

    <p>Too many solutes in the lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the digestive tract secretes succus entericus?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diarrhea is caused by epithelial damage?

    <p>Inflammatory- epithelial damage causing them to be replaced with cells lacking transporters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells aid in vitamin B12 absorption in the stomach?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saliva contains 99.5% proteins and 0.5% water

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parotid gland is the largest of the three pairs of salivary glands

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach's main function is to absorb nutrients from food

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gastroesophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from entering the trachea

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharynx takes food to the stomach and air to the oesophagus

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parietal cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    G cells in the stomach release somatostatin, which decreases the production of stomach acid.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pancreas secretes enzymes such as amylase and lipase into the duodenum.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The large intestine has four parts: ascending, transverse, desending, and sigmoid colon.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mouth and Saliva

    • The mouth begins the digestion process by mechanically breaking down food and mixing it with saliva.
    • Saliva is primarily secreted by the parotid gland, the largest of the salivary glands.
    • The main component of saliva is water, constituting 99.5%, while proteins make up 0.5%.
    • Amylase is produced by serous acinar cells in the salivary glands, aiding in carbohydrate digestion.

    Functions of Saliva

    • Saliva's primary role in digestion is to moisten food, facilitating easier swallowing and enzyme activity.

    Pharynx and Sphincters

    • The pharynx functions as a passageway directing food to the stomach and air to the esophagus.
    • The gastroesophageal sphincter prevents the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.

    Stomach Functions

    • The stomach primarily digests proteins, with pepsinogen secreted by chief cells converting to active pepsin.
    • Stomach acid, produced by parietal cells, helps break down food and activates digestive enzymes.
    • Mucus, secreted by specialized stomach cells, protects the stomach lining from acid damage.

    Regulation of Digestion

    • D cells in the stomach release somatostatin, which inhibits stomach acid production.
    • The pyloric sphincter regulates the amount of chyme, or partially digested food, entering the small intestine.

    Small Intestine and Digestion

    • Chyme, bile from the liver, and pancreatic enzymes are received in the duodenum to continue digestion.
    • The pancreas secretes enzymes like amylase and lipase to aid in carbohydrate and fat digestion.

    Large Intestine and Functions

    • The colon, consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid parts, mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, forming waste for elimination.
    • Succus entericus is secreted by the intestinal mucosa in the small intestine, assisting in further digestion.

    Diarrhea and Absorption

    • Osmotic diarrhea occurs due to an imbalance in solutes in the intestines.
    • Epithelial damage can lead to exudative diarrhea, causing fluid loss.
    • Cells in the stomach assist with vitamin B12 absorption.

    Miscellaneous

    • The gastroesophageal sphincter, sometimes confused with the trachea, helps control the passage of food solely to the stomach.

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    Related Documents

    Digestion system.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the mouth and salivary glands, including mastication, gland types, saliva composition, and key functions of saliva.

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