Human Anatomy: Digestive System Quiz

<p>Leaky endothelial walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming food into a bolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frenulum of tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genioglossus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CN 8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough surface due to papillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocrine glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sublingual glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixing food, moving food through the digestive tract, and using chemicals to break down food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tongue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-7 meters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper GI tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support and protect abdominal organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both exocrine and endocrine glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Main pancreatic duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce insulin and glucagon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deep to ribs 7-11 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinised) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristaltic movement to push bolus food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quadrants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Falciform ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epigastric and Umbilical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surrounds the portal triad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enteric nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inner oblique layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates the position of the stomach in the abdominal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansion and contraction of the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucous-producing cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appendix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no circular folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slowdown digestion process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into the descending part of the duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first part of the digestive system where food and drinks are tasted.

A continuous coiled hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.

The process of moving food through the digestive tract by muscle contractions

Part of the digestive system that includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas.

The bony structure that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.

The fleshy part of the mouth that helps in chewing and tasting food.

The fleshy folds around the mouth that help in closing the mouth.

The tissues that surround the teeth.

The process of preparing food for swallowing, involving chewing, tongue movements, and saliva from salivary glands.

The space within the mouth, further divided into the oral vestibule and the oral cavity proper.

The bony structure that separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone.

A muscular organ responsible for speech articulation and food manipulation, divided into a root, body, and apex. Its dorsal surface has two parts: oral and pharyngeal.

A fold of mucous membrane connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Salivary glands in the oral cavity that produce a clear, tasteless, and viscid fluid called saliva. These glands are classified as exocrine glands.

The functional units of salivary glands, composed of secretory acini and ducts.

The largest of the salivary glands, located near the ear, responsible for producing saliva.

A condition caused by a weak lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus.

A muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach, responsible for moving food via peristalsis.

The upper third of the esophagus is made of this type of muscle, responsible for voluntary swallowing.

The lower third of the esophagus is made of this type of muscle, responsible for involuntary muscle contractions.

The outer layer of muscle in the esophagus, running lengthwise.

The inner layer of muscle in the esophagus, circling around.

A network of nerves within the digestive system controlling peristalsis.

A subdivision of the enteric nervous system, responsible for controlling muscle contractions, stimulating peristalsis.

A specialized region within the spleen responsible for filtering out old or damaged red blood cells (erythrocytes). This process involves macrophages, which engulf and break down the damaged cells, recycling iron from the hemoglobin.

A collection of lymphatic tissue within the spleen, primarily composed of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, which are important components of the immune system.

The blood supply to the abdominal organs is divided based on the embryological origin of the digestive tract: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. These regions are supplied by three unpaired visceral arteries branching from the abdominal aorta.

The celiac trunk is the first branch of the abdominal aorta and provides blood supply to the foregut structures. It branches into three main arteries: the common hepatic artery, the left gastric artery, and the splenic artery. These arteries then further branch to supply various organs in the upper digestive tract.

The superior mesenteric artery, the second branch of the abdominal aorta, supplies the midgut structures. This includes the small intestine, the right half of the colon, and the pancreas.

The stomach's four main sections: the cardia (where the esophagus connects), the fundus (the dome-shaped upper part), the body (the main central portion), and the pyloric part (which leads to the small intestine).

The lesser curvature is the inner, shorter curve of the stomach, while the greater curvature is the outer, longer curve.

The muscularis externa is a unique three-layered muscle in the stomach that allows for strong contractions and churning of food. These layers include the inner oblique layer, middle circular layer, and outer longitudinal layer.

The mucosa lining of the stomach is thick and forms irregular longitudinal folds called rugae. The rugae flatten when the stomach expands, allowing for greater volume.

The gastric pits are openings in the stomach lining containing gastric glands, which produce gastric juice for digestion. The pits have mucous cells that produce mucus to protect the stomach wall.

The gastric glands in the stomach are lined with several types of cells. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. Chief cells produce pepsinogen (a precursor to pepsin) and chymosin for protein digestion.

The duodenum is a C-shaped organ that connects the stomach to the jejunum (part of the small intestine). It is located in the umbilical region and is retroperitoneal, meaning it lies behind the peritoneum.

The duodenum has four parts: superior, descending, inferior, and ascending. The descending part contains the major duodenal papilla, where bile and pancreatic juice enter the digestive tract.

An elongated, accessory digestive gland located in the epigastric region, stretching from the left hypochondrium to the tail. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions.

The exocrine part of the pancreas, composed of acinar cells that produce digestive enzymes. These enzymes are secreted into the duodenum through the main pancreatic duct and the smaller accessory pancreatic duct.

The endocrine part of the pancreas, composed of islets of Langerhans, which produce hormones like insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. These hormones regulate blood sugar levels.

The largest gland in the body. Located primarily under the ribcage, extending from the right to left hypochondrium. It plays a crucial role in filtering blood, producing bile, and storing energy.

The groove on the inferior surface of the liver, which houses the portal triad – the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct. This triad allows for the entry and exit of blood and bile.

The functional unit of the liver, which receives its own branch of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. It is drained by its own hepatic duct.

The ligaments that attach the liver to other structures in the abdomen. These ligaments help in stabilizing the liver and maintaining its position.

A thin, crescent-shaped ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. It contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.