Motor Behavior Introduction and Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between motor control, motor development, and motor learning?

  • Motor development only occurs during childhood, while motor learning happens throughout life.
  • Motor learning is solely about the physiological aspects of movement.
  • Motor control focuses on the performance of movement, while motor development addresses the progression of these skills over time. (correct)
  • Motor control is about understanding neurological processes, while motor learning addresses the psychological aspects of practice.

Which of the following correctly represents the three general stages of information processing?

  • Action, Perception, Feedback
  • Perception, Action, Decision
  • Perception, Decision, Action (correct)
  • Decision, Action, Reaction

Which factor does NOT influence reaction time?

  • Practice
  • Hick's law
  • Stimulus response compatibility
  • Age of the individual (correct)

What is an example of an exteroceptive input?

<p>Visual stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles describes the head-to-toe progression of motor skill development?

<p>Cephalo Caudal Principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of open loop control in motor programming theory?

<p>Actions are performed based on pre-programmed instructions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of motor learning, what is a key difference between massed practice and distributed practice?

<p>Massed practice involves longer sessions with less frequent breaks, while distributed practice includes shorter sessions with more frequent breaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following reflexes is an example of a major infantile reflex?

<p>Palmar Grasp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motor control is synonymous with motor development.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Closed loop control allows for immediate adjustments during a movement based on feedback.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Cephalo Caudal Principle suggests that motor development progresses from the extremities to the head.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Massed practice involves shorter sessions with little rest in between.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Golgi tendon organs are primarily responsible for detecting muscle length.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skill acquisition is a key concept within motor learning.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hick's law suggests that reaction time increases linearly with the number of choices.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proximo distal principle states that motor development occurs from the center of the body outward to the limbs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Motor Behavior

The study of how humans acquire, refine, and perform motor skills throughout their lifespan.

Motor Control

How the nervous and muscular systems work together to produce movement.

Motor Development

Changes in motor behavior over the lifespan, including changes in motor skills from infancy to adulthood.

Motor Learning

The acquisition of new motor skills and improvement in existing motor skills.

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CNS

Central Nervous System, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

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PNS

Peripheral Nervous System; connects the CNS to rest of the body.

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Afferent

Sensory neurons that carry information to the CNS.

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Efferent

Motor neurons; carry information from the CNS.

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Reaction Time

Time between stimulus and response.

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Hick's Law

Reaction time increases as the number of stimulus choices increases.

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Open-loop control

Motor commands are sent from the CNS without feedback.

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Closed-Loop Control

Motor commands sent with feedback for adjustments.

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Dynamical Systems Theory

Movement emerges from the interaction of multiple systems.

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Constraints

Factors limiting or enabling movement.

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Cephalocaudal Principle

Development proceeds from head to toe.

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Proximodistal Principle

Development proceeds from the center of the body outward.

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Motor Behavior

Study of acquiring, improving, and executing motor skills throughout life.

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Motor Control

How the body coordinates movement using the nervous system.

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Motor Development

Changes in motor behavior over a lifespan.

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Motor Learning

Acquiring new motor skills and improving existing ones.

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CNS

Brain and spinal cord.

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PNS

Connects central nervous system to body.

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Afferent

Sensory input to the CNS.

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Efferent

Motor output from the CNS.

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Reaction Time

Time between stimulus and response.

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Hick's Law

Reaction time increases with choices.

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Open-loop control

Motor commands without feedback.

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Closed-loop control

Motor commands with feedback adjustments.

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Dynamical Systems Theory

Movement emerges from multiple system interactions.

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Constraints

Factors limiting or enabling movement.

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Cephalocaudal Principle

Development from head to toe.

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Proximodistal Principle

Development from center outwards.

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Study Notes

Motor Behavior Introduction

  • Motor behavior involves understanding the differences between motor control, motor development, and motor learning.
  • The process vs. product approach to studying motor behavior is important.
  • Research interests in motor control, development, and learning differ.

Motor Control

  • Understand the neurophysiological basics of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
  • Differentiate afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) pathways in the PNS, including somatic and autonomic (sympathetic/parasympathetic) divisions.
  • Knowledge of neuron structure and function is crucial.
  • Motor units (fine vs. gross motor control) are important.
  • Information processing is a critical concept, involving input processing and output action involving perception, decision-making, and actions.
  • Understand exteroceptive (external) and interoceptive (internal) sources of sensory input (vestibular apparatus, cutaneous receptors, muscle spindles, and Golgi tendon organs).
  • Reaction time is affected by factors like Hick's law, stimulus-response compatibility, and practice.
  • Motor programming theories (open and closed loop) explain motor control.
  • Dynamical systems theory examines constraints (organism, environment, and task), and motor equivalence.
  • Other important concepts include degrees of freedom and serial order.

Motor Development

  • Motor development is a lifespan process.
  • Key principles include cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and critical periods (stages in development).
  • Understand major infant reflexes (e.g., rooting, Moro, palmar grasp, asymmetric tonic neck, swimming) are a part of motor development.

Motor Learning

  • Motor learning is the process of acquiring motor skills.
  • Concepts like massed vs. distributed practice, blocked vs. random practice, intrinsic vs. extrinsic feedback, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance are discussed.
  • Motor learning occurs in different phases (verbal cognitive, associative, autonomous).
  • Readiness is also important in the concept of motor learning.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of motor behavior, focusing on the distinctions between motor control, motor development, and motor learning. It further delves into the physiological aspects of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, emphasizing the significance of sensory pathways and information processing in motor activities.

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