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Questions and Answers
What type of vocalizations are controlled by the limbic pathway?
What is the function of the laryngeal motor cortex in relation to vocalizations?
Which set of muscles of the larynx does not receive bilateral innervation?
What is the function of the extrapyramidal system in relation to motor control?
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What is the function of the basal ganglia in relation to motor control?
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What is the result of a pyramidal lesion?
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What is the function of the vagus nerve (X CN) in relation to vocalizations?
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What is the result of an extrapyramidal lesion?
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Study Notes
Limbic Pathway for Innate Vocalizations
- Limbic pathway involves crying and laughter
- Laryngeal motor cortex provides fine motor control for these innate vocalizations
- Allows humans to mimic these innate vocalizations
Laryngeal Muscle Innervation
- All but one set of laryngeal muscles receive bilateral innervation (motor and sensory)
- Left and right brain control both sides of the larynx
Pyramidal System
- Direct Pathway: Corticobulbar and Corticospinal
- Responsible for voluntary movements
Extrapyramidal System
- Indirect pathway
- Function: helps maintain baseline level of tone
- Modulated by the Basal ganglia, controlling amount of movement
- Direct Pathway: increases motor activity
- Indirect Pathway: reduces unwanted motor activity
- Cerebellum: adjusts, improves coordination, sends and receives information
Lesions
- Pyramidal lesions: Flaccid, Spastic
- Extrapyramidal lesions: Dyskinesias, Tremor, Chorea, Athetosis, Myoclonus, Ataxia
Vagus Nerve (X CN)
- Superior Laryngeal nerve involved
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Description
Study guide for Quiz 1 covering limbic pathway, laryngeal motor cortex, and pyramidal system in relation to human vocalizations and motor control.
