Motivation Theories Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct order of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy from bottom to top?

  • Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualization (correct)
  • Esteem → Social → Safety → Physiological → Self-actualization
  • Safety → Social → Physiological → Self-actualization → Esteem
  • Self-actualization → Esteem → Social → Safety → Physiological

    • Which of the following best describes Alderfer's ERG Theory?

  • It emphasizes the importance of self-actualization above all other needs.
  • It simplifies Maslow's theory into three categories operating independently. (correct)
  • It includes five levels of needs that must be satisfied sequentially.
  • It focuses only on psychological needs without considering social factors.

    • What is a key concept of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

  • Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not contribute to motivation. (correct)
  • Motivation solely depends on achievement and recognition in the workplace.
  • Hygiene factors are crucial for motivation and lead to job satisfaction.
  • Motivators and hygiene factors are both necessary for basic job functioning.

    • Under McGregor's Theory Y, what assumption is made about employees?

    <p>They are self-motivated and seek responsibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which of the following elements contributes to an employee's motivation?

    <p>Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Adam's Equity Theory focus on regarding motivation?

    <p>Perceived fairness compared to others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the relationship between motivation and pay?

    <p>Employees must value money and see it as linked to their performance for it to motivate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the concept of job enrichment?

    <p>Adding variety and responsibility to job roles to increase intrinsic satisfaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of content theories of motivation?

    <p>What initiates or stimulates behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In McClelland's Achievement Theory, which of the following needs is associated with the desire to influence others?

    <p>Power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed?

    <p>Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption does Theory Y make about employees' attitudes towards work?

    <p>They seek autonomy and responsibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, what is NOT a component of motivation?

    <p>Dissatisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Adam's Equity Theory emphasize regarding motivation?

    <p>Perceived fairness of input-output ratios (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

    <p>Salary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process contributes to intrinsic satisfaction and motivation in work design?

    <p>Job enrichment leading to performance designs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the control process in an organization?

    <p>To achieve organizational goals through measurement and corrective action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control type focuses on preventing mistakes before they occur?

    <p>Feedforward Control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is essential for an effective control system?

    <p>It is aligned with organizational goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of financial control?

    <p>Budgetary Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of corrective action in the control process?

    <p>To implement strategic changes based on performance measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Motivation

    The reason behind choosing behaviors to reach goals.

    Maslow's Hierarchy

    Needs ordered: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization.

    ERG Theory

    Simplified Maslow: Existence, Relatedness, Growth needs.

    McClelland's Needs

    Achievement, affiliation, and power drive motivation.

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    Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

    Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, motivators drive satisfaction.

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    Expectancy Theory

    Motivation depends on expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

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    Equity Theory

    Motivation based on perceived fairness in inputs and outcomes.

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    Content vs. Process Theories

    Content theories focus on what motivates, process theories focus on how.

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    Motivation's Latin Root

    Motivation comes from the Latin word movere, meaning "to move." It explains why people act to achieve desired outcomes.

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    What are Content Theories?

    Content theories focus on factors within a person that initiate and drive behavior.

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    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    Needs are satisfied from bottom to top: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization. Lower needs must be met before addressing higher ones.

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    Alderfer's ERG Theory

    Simplifies Maslow into Existence, Relatedness, and Growth needs. Multiple needs can be active simultaneously.

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    McClelland's Achievement Theory

    Motivation arises from three needs: achievement (success), affiliation (belonging), and power (influence).

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    What are Process Theories?

    Process theories focus on how motivation evolves and operates over time.

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    What is control?

    Control ensures that organizational goals are met effectively and efficiently by measuring performance and taking corrective actions.

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    Types of control

    There are three main types of control: Feedforward, Concurrent, and Feedback.

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    Financial Controls

    Financial controls focus on tracking financial resources, like budgets and revenues.

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    Non-Financial Controls

    Non-financial controls track and improve aspects like project timelines and product quality.

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    Impact of Controls

    Controls enhance business models by identifying and implementing best practices and driving improvements.

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    Study Notes

    Motivation Presentation Key Points

    • Motivation is derived from the Latin word "movere" (to move)

    • It explains why people choose certain behaviors to achieve goals

    • Content theories explore what initiates behavior

    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests needs are met from basic (physiological, safety) to higher-level (social, esteem, self-actualization)

    • Alderfer's ERG Theory simplifies Maslow's hierarchy into Existence, Relatedness, and Growth, allowing for simultaneous fulfillment of multiple needs

    • McClelland's Achievement Theory identifies achievement, affiliation, and power as key motivational drivers

    • Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes hygiene factors (e.g., salary, working conditions) that prevent dissatisfaction, from motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition) that lead to satisfaction

    • Process theories explain how motivation operates and changes over time

    • McGregor's Theory X assumes employees dislike work and need close supervision, while Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility

    • Vroom's Expectancy Theory indicates motivation is a function of expectancy (belief in ability), instrumentality (likelihood of rewards), and valence (value of rewards)

    • Adams' Equity Theory focuses on fairness; employees compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others

    • Financial rewards are motivating if employees value them, link performance to rewards, and perceive the reward system as fair

    • Job structure affects intrinsic satisfaction and motivation, evolving from task specialization to job enrichment, socio-technical systems, and high-performance work design

    • Exam focus: differentiate between content and process theories, understand key motivation models (Maslow, McClelland, Herzberg), apply theoretical models to scenarios, and recognize the impact of job design and compensation on motivation.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts of motivation derived from various theories including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory, and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. Understand how different motivational drivers influence behavior and goal attainment. This presentation highlights the importance of both content and process theories in understanding what motivates individuals at work.

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