Motivation Theories Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct order of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy from bottom to top?

Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualization (correct)

Esteem → Social → Safety → Physiological → Self-actualization

Safety → Social → Physiological → Self-actualization → Esteem

Self-actualization → Esteem → Social → Safety → Physiological

Which of the following best describes Alderfer's ERG Theory?

It emphasizes the importance of self-actualization above all other needs.

It simplifies Maslow's theory into three categories operating independently. (correct)

It includes five levels of needs that must be satisfied sequentially.

It focuses only on psychological needs without considering social factors.

What is a key concept of Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not contribute to motivation. (correct)

Motivation solely depends on achievement and recognition in the workplace.

Hygiene factors are crucial for motivation and lead to job satisfaction.

Motivators and hygiene factors are both necessary for basic job functioning.

Under McGregor's Theory Y, what assumption is made about employees?

They are self-motivated and seek responsibility. Signup and view all the answers

According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which of the following elements contributes to an employee's motivation?

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Signup and view all the answers

What does Adam's Equity Theory focus on regarding motivation?

Perceived fairness compared to others. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the relationship between motivation and pay?

Employees must value money and see it as linked to their performance for it to motivate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of job enrichment?

Adding variety and responsibility to job roles to increase intrinsic satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of content theories of motivation?

What initiates or stimulates behavior Signup and view all the answers

In McClelland's Achievement Theory, which of the following needs is associated with the desire to influence others?

Power Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be addressed?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Signup and view all the answers

What assumption does Theory Y make about employees' attitudes towards work?

They seek autonomy and responsibility Signup and view all the answers

According to Vroom's Expectancy Theory, what is NOT a component of motivation?

Dissatisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What does Adam's Equity Theory emphasize regarding motivation?

Perceived fairness of input-output ratios Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Salary Signup and view all the answers

What process contributes to intrinsic satisfaction and motivation in work design?

Job enrichment leading to performance designs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the control process in an organization?

To achieve organizational goals through measurement and corrective action Signup and view all the answers

Which control type focuses on preventing mistakes before they occur?

Feedforward Control Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for an effective control system?

It is aligned with organizational goals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method of financial control?

Budgetary Control Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corrective action in the control process?

To implement strategic changes based on performance measurement Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivation Presentation Key Points

Motivation is derived from the Latin word "movere" (to move)
It explains why people choose certain behaviors to achieve goals
Content theories explore what initiates behavior
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs suggests needs are met from basic (physiological, safety) to higher-level (social, esteem, self-actualization)
Alderfer's ERG Theory simplifies Maslow's hierarchy into Existence, Relatedness, and Growth, allowing for simultaneous fulfillment of multiple needs
McClelland's Achievement Theory identifies achievement, affiliation, and power as key motivational drivers
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes hygiene factors (e.g., salary, working conditions) that prevent dissatisfaction, from motivators (e.g., achievement, recognition) that lead to satisfaction
Process theories explain how motivation operates and changes over time
McGregor's Theory X assumes employees dislike work and need close supervision, while Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility
Vroom's Expectancy Theory indicates motivation is a function of expectancy (belief in ability), instrumentality (likelihood of rewards), and valence (value of rewards)
Adams' Equity Theory focuses on fairness; employees compare their inputs and outcomes to those of others
Financial rewards are motivating if employees value them, link performance to rewards, and perceive the reward system as fair
Job structure affects intrinsic satisfaction and motivation, evolving from task specialization to job enrichment, socio-technical systems, and high-performance work design
Exam focus: differentiate between content and process theories, understand key motivation models (Maslow, McClelland, Herzberg), apply theoretical models to scenarios, and recognize the impact of job design and compensation on motivation.

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Description

Explore key concepts of motivation derived from various theories including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory, and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. Understand how different motivational drivers influence behavior and goal attainment. This presentation highlights the importance of both content and process theories in understanding what motivates individuals at work.