Podcast
Questions and Answers
What must individuals feel to be motivated according to the outlined principles?
What must individuals feel to be motivated according to the outlined principles?
- They are closely monitored by their superiors
- They are rewarded for their success (correct)
- They can succeed if they try (correct)
- Their efforts will be recognized and appreciated
Which management theory is illustrated by a boss who implies employees prefer not to be at work?
Which management theory is illustrated by a boss who implies employees prefer not to be at work?
- Theory X (correct)
- Theory Y
- Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
- Expectancy Theory
If a student feels less motivated after seeing a classmate outperforming them despite their hard work, which theory explains this situation?
If a student feels less motivated after seeing a classmate outperforming them despite their hard work, which theory explains this situation?
- Expectancy Theory
- Equity Theory (correct)
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Herzberg's Hygiene Theory
Which factor would motivate an employee who knows they perform well and are rewarded with a gym membership?
Which factor would motivate an employee who knows they perform well and are rewarded with a gym membership?
According to Herzberg's theory, what category would a gym membership fall into if provided as a reward for performance?
According to Herzberg's theory, what category would a gym membership fall into if provided as a reward for performance?
What is a significant requirement for a reward to effectively motivate an individual?
What is a significant requirement for a reward to effectively motivate an individual?
What assumption does a Theory X manager hold about employees?
What assumption does a Theory X manager hold about employees?
Which of the following is NOT a component of motivation as outlined in the principles?
Which of the following is NOT a component of motivation as outlined in the principles?
What do Theory X managers believe about workers?
What do Theory X managers believe about workers?
Which of the following is considered a hygiene factor in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
Which of the following is considered a hygiene factor in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
What is a primary characteristic of motivators according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
What is a primary characteristic of motivators according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?
What is the relationship between satisfaction and dissatisfaction as proposed by Herzberg?
What is the relationship between satisfaction and dissatisfaction as proposed by Herzberg?
Which of the following statements aligns with Theory Y perspectives?
Which of the following statements aligns with Theory Y perspectives?
What type of factors are considered dissatisfiers in the workplace?
What type of factors are considered dissatisfiers in the workplace?
In terms of job motivation, which factor primarily contributes to employee growth?
In terms of job motivation, which factor primarily contributes to employee growth?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of extreme job satisfaction?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of extreme job satisfaction?
What does the Need for Achievement focus on?
What does the Need for Achievement focus on?
Which of the following best describes the Need for Affiliation?
Which of the following best describes the Need for Affiliation?
What is the primary focus of the Need for Power?
What is the primary focus of the Need for Power?
How does Cognitive Evaluation Theory view extrinsic rewards?
How does Cognitive Evaluation Theory view extrinsic rewards?
Which statement reflects the Bottom Line regarding individual needs?
Which statement reflects the Bottom Line regarding individual needs?
What is a potential outcome of extrinsic rewards according to Cognitive Evaluation Theory?
What is a potential outcome of extrinsic rewards according to Cognitive Evaluation Theory?
Which need reflects a drive to achieve excellence related to a set of standards?
Which need reflects a drive to achieve excellence related to a set of standards?
What type of motivation is primarily affected when an extrinsic reward is introduced?
What type of motivation is primarily affected when an extrinsic reward is introduced?
What is intensity in the context of motivation?
What is intensity in the context of motivation?
Which of the following represents direction in motivation?
Which of the following represents direction in motivation?
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is the highest level of need?
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is the highest level of need?
What happens as each need in Maslow's hierarchy is satisfied?
What happens as each need in Maslow's hierarchy is satisfied?
How does persistence relate to motivation?
How does persistence relate to motivation?
Which need is focused on safety in Maslow's hierarchy?
Which need is focused on safety in Maslow's hierarchy?
What is NOT a key element of motivation?
What is NOT a key element of motivation?
What does the concept of self-actualization emphasize?
What does the concept of self-actualization emphasize?
Which of the following needs must be fulfilled before an individual can progress to higher-order needs?
Which of the following needs must be fulfilled before an individual can progress to higher-order needs?
What is the primary focus of higher-order needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy?
What is the primary focus of higher-order needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy?
Which statement best describes movement within Maslow’s Hierarchy?
Which statement best describes movement within Maslow’s Hierarchy?
What category do physiological needs fall under in Maslow’s Hierarchy?
What category do physiological needs fall under in Maslow’s Hierarchy?
According to Maslow, which scenario illustrates an individual not being motivated to meet higher-order needs?
According to Maslow, which scenario illustrates an individual not being motivated to meet higher-order needs?
Which level of Maslow’s Hierarchy directly correlates with the need for belonging and relationships?
Which level of Maslow’s Hierarchy directly correlates with the need for belonging and relationships?
Why does Maslow suggest that lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs?
Why does Maslow suggest that lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs?
What is a key characteristic of self-actualization needs according to Maslow?
What is a key characteristic of self-actualization needs according to Maslow?
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Study Notes
Motivation
- Motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
- Key elements of motivation are intensity, direction, and persistence
- To be motivated, an individual must feel that they can perform, will be rewarded, and that the reward will be something they care about.
Theories of Motivation
- Theory X and Theory Y:
- Managers who adopt Theory X assume that employees dislike work and avoid responsibility.
- Managers who adopt Theory Y assume employees enjoy working and embrace responsibility.
- Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory:
- Hygiene factors are related to dissatisfaction and are extrinsic in nature, including salary, work conditions, and company policies.
- Motivators are related to satisfaction and are intrinsic in nature, including achievement, responsibility, and growth.
- McClelland's Theory of Needs:
- Need for Achievement: The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed.
- Need for Affiliation: The desire for friendly and close personal relationships.
- Need for Power: The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory: Providing an extrinsic reward for behavior that had been previously only intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation.
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
- Needs are arranged in a hierarchy, starting from the most basic physiological needs, and progressing through safety, social, esteem, and finally self-actualization needs.
- Individuals must satisfy a lower-level need before moving on to satisfy a higher-level need.
Matching High Achievers and Jobs
- Individuals with high achievement needs are motivated by challenging jobs that provide opportunities for feedback and achievement.
Key takeaways
- Different motivational theories provide different insights into why individuals are motivated.
- Managers should understand these theories to effectively motivate their employees.
- Motivation is a complex behavior, and there are diverse factors that influence it.
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