Motivation and Emotion
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Questions and Answers

What concept describes the relationship between physical distance and emotional distance in personal interactions?

  • Cognitive appraisal theory
  • Personal space correlation (correct)
  • Common sense theory of emotion
  • Emotional proximity theory

    • Which theory suggests that physiological arousal occurs simultaneously with the conscious feeling of emotion?

  • Cannon-Bard theory (correct)
  • Common sense theory
  • James-Lange theory
  • Two-factor theory

    • In the context of the two-factor theory, how does the environment play a role in the experience of emotions?

  • It only affects physiological responses
  • It determines the intensity of the emotion
  • It has no effect on the emotion experienced
  • It influences the automatic arousal and subsequent conscious feeling (correct)

    • What is the mere exposure effect?

    <p>The increased likelihood of favoring stimuli after repeated exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

    <p>One states arousal and emotion happen simultaneously, while the other does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population is affected by anorexia nervosa?

    <p>0.5-1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a health problem associated with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of emotion refers to the physiological reactions like increased heart rate?

    <p>Physiological component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primary emotions said to be?

    <p>Universally acknowledged across cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the facial feedback hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Facial expressions can influence emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes non-verbal leakage?

    <p>The unconscious display of emotions in verbal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a well-known behavioral expression of fear?

    <p>Screaming in terror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of display rules in emotional expression?

    <p>To dictate when and how emotions should be expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary focus of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

    <p>It suggests that self-actualization must follow the satisfaction of basic and security needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In drive reduction theory, what does the term 'drive' refer to?

    <p>The internal state of tension motivating an organism's actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about extrinsic and intrinsic motivators?

    <p>Extrinsic motivators can undermine intrinsic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of incentive in motivation?

    <p>It is an external goal that motivates behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between expectancy and value in expectancy theories of motivation?

    <p>They must be multiplied to yield the level of motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about obesity and genetics is most accurate?

    <p>Genetics can influence tendencies toward obesity in some individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of emotion?

    <p>Social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which theory of emotion might physiological responses play a significant role in the way emotions are expressed?

    <p>James-Lange theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the James-Lange theory propose about the sequence of emotional experiences?

    <p>Arousal leads to conscious feelings based on physical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes the role of context in shaping emotional responses?

    <p>Two-factor theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Cannon-Bard theory, what is the relationship between physiological arousal and the conscious feeling?

    <p>They occur independently but simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mere exposure effect suggest about repeated stimulus exposure?

    <p>It generally fosters a more favorable attitude toward the stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the common sense theory of emotion define the order of emotional experience?

    <p>Conscious feelings cause stimulus reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in the population?

    <p>0.5-1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of emotion involves conscious experiences such as feeling afraid or angry?

    <p>Cognitive Component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone signals the hypothalamus to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure?

    <p>Leptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health issues is associated with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Brain atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the hypothalamus, when stimulated, leads to undereating?

    <p>Ventromedial hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does palatability affect eating behavior?

    <p>Better tasting foods lead to increased consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physiological response to a drop in glucose levels according to the glucostatic theory?

    <p>Hunger pangs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do display rules in emotional expression refer to?

    <p>Societal guidelines for how and when to express emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the BMI classification for obesity?

    <p>Over 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is non-verbal leakage?

    <p>Unconscious spillover of emotions into verbal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with the development of obesity?

    <p>Consuming low-fat foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What eating disorder is characterized by a pattern of binging and purging?

    <p>Bulimia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common physiological response associated with emotion?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus primarily release to stimulate appetite?

    <p>Neuropeptide Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does drive reduction theory propose about certain drives like hunger or thirst?

    <p>They motivate behavior to reduce unpleasant feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?

    <p>Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while intrinsic emanates from internal satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what must be satisfied first?

    <p>Physiological needs and safety requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between expectancy and value in motivation?

    <p>The multiplication of expectancy and value results in the level of motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common myth regarding extrinsic motivation?

    <p>It can undermine intrinsic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a criticism of drive reduction theory?

    <p>It disregards the importance of emotional factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of motivation, what does an incentive refer to?

    <p>An external goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metabolism in understanding motivation?

    <p>It describes the body's energy utilization rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Motivation and Emotion

    • Motivation is the process that determines the type and duration of behavior.
    • Drive reduction theory suggests that internal tension (drives like hunger, thirst) motivates behaviors to reduce that tension.
    • Incentive and expectancy theories propose motivation is driven by positive goals, with stimuli having varying incentive values. Expectancy and value determine motivation.
    • Extrinsic motivation comes from external goals (e.g., money), while intrinsic motivation arises from internal goals (e.g., enjoyment).
    • Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic needs (physiological, safety) must be met before higher-level needs (self-actualization) can be pursued.
    • Metabolism is the body's rate of using calories. Basal metabolism is the rate when the body is at rest.

    Hunger and Eating

    • Short-term signals of hunger include hunger pangs (muscle contractions) and glucose levels.
    • The hypothalamus regulates glucose levels; low glucose levels lead to hunger and drive to eat.
    • Distension of the stomach and intestines, and peptide hormones, are involved in satiety signals.
    • Nutrient-rich foods lead to greater satiety.

    Obesity

    • Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30.
    • Genetic and environmental factors (high-calorie foods, sedentary lifestyles) contribute to obesity.

    Eating Disorders

    • Bulimia nervosa is characterized by binging and purging behaviors to control weight.
    • Anorexia nervosa involves extreme weight loss, often from food restriction and an intense desire for thinness.

    Emotion

    • Emotion involves cognitive (subjective feelings), physiological (autonomic responses), and behavioral (observable actions) components.
    • The autonomic nervous system controls many physiological responses associated with emotions.
    • Some theories suggest primary emotions (like happiness, anger, fear) are universal.
    • Display rules dictate cultural norms for expressing emotions.
    • Facial feedback hypothesis suggests facial expressions can influence emotional experience.
    • Nonverbal leakage is the unconscious expression of emotions in behavior.
    • Personal space and emotions are often related.

    Theories of Emotion

    • James-Lange theory: the conscious experience of emotion follows a physiological response.
    • Cannon-Bard theory: emotional experience and physiological response occur simultaneously.
    • Two-factor theory: emotions are determined by both physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal, influenced by the situation.

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