Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the text, which of the following is true about motivation in American psychology in the 1950s-60s?
According to the text, which of the following is true about motivation in American psychology in the 1950s-60s?
- Motivation had a prominent role in drive-based learning theories
- Motivation declined due to issues with drive-based conceptualizations (correct)
- Motivation gained attention in personality, social, clinical, industrial & organizational psychology
- Motivation was influenced by personal goals, expectations, and emotions
Based on the text, which of the following is NOT a focus of recent decades in motivation research?
Based on the text, which of the following is NOT a focus of recent decades in motivation research?
- Focus on goals, self-regulation processes, affect, and motivational determinants
- Developing new concepts
- Unifying motivation constructs with cognitive psychology (correct)
- Integration of various theories of motivation
According to the text, what are the major constructs in the field of motivation in organizational settings?
According to the text, what are the major constructs in the field of motivation in organizational settings?
- Personal goals, expectations, and emotions
- Achievement motivation
- Need-motive-value approaches, cognitive choice approaches, and self-regulation-metacognition approaches (correct)
- Drive-based learning theories
According to Vroom's VIE theory, which of the following factors predicts choices between jobs, tasks, and effort levels based on perceived benefits?
According to Vroom's VIE theory, which of the following factors predicts choices between jobs, tasks, and effort levels based on perceived benefits?
According to the text, which of the following is a key personal difference that influences task selection and persistence?
According to the text, which of the following is a key personal difference that influences task selection and persistence?
Which research design strategy is inconsistent with Vroom's theory of motivational force?
Which research design strategy is inconsistent with Vroom's theory of motivational force?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities in Vroom's VIE theory?
What is the multiplicative relation between expectancies and instrumentalities in Vroom's VIE theory?
Which one of the following is the most reliable measure for assessing expectancy in Vroom's expectancy theory?
Which one of the following is the most reliable measure for assessing expectancy in Vroom's expectancy theory?
According to Raynor's theory of future orientation, which type of individuals prefer moderately difficult tasks in noncontingent settings?
According to Raynor's theory of future orientation, which type of individuals prefer moderately difficult tasks in noncontingent settings?
According to Weiner's Attribution Theory, which dimension(s) are used to explain events and affect behavior?
According to Weiner's Attribution Theory, which dimension(s) are used to explain events and affect behavior?
Which one of the following is a key force in Atkinson and Birch's Theory?
Which one of the following is a key force in Atkinson and Birch's Theory?
Which of the following is a common directional measure used as a dependent variable in studies on motivation?
Which of the following is a common directional measure used as a dependent variable in studies on motivation?
Which type of measure in motivation studies captures a pattern of motivational consequences that emerge over time?
Which type of measure in motivation studies captures a pattern of motivational consequences that emerge over time?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
What is the distinction between motivation and performance?
Which paradigm of motivation theories focuses on decision-making processes and resource allocation?
Which paradigm of motivation theories focuses on decision-making processes and resource allocation?
According to Adams' Equity Theory, individuals value fairness in employee-employer relationships. What is one downside of this theory?
According to Adams' Equity Theory, individuals value fairness in employee-employer relationships. What is one downside of this theory?
According to the research evidence, which statement regarding pay inequity is true?
According to the research evidence, which statement regarding pay inequity is true?
According to Greenberg's taxonomy, what is the distinction between distributive and procedural fairness?
According to Greenberg's taxonomy, what is the distinction between distributive and procedural fairness?
How does evaluation frequency and opportunity to express opinions impact employees' perceptions of procedural fairness?
How does evaluation frequency and opportunity to express opinions impact employees' perceptions of procedural fairness?
Which factor has less influence on attitudes towards supervision?
Which factor has less influence on attitudes towards supervision?
According to cognitive explanations, how does participative decision making (PDM) enhance task performance?
According to cognitive explanations, how does participative decision making (PDM) enhance task performance?
What is the relationship between perceived fairness of PDM procedures and satisfaction?
What is the relationship between perceived fairness of PDM procedures and satisfaction?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
What are the limitations of expectancy x value (E x V) theories in decision-making?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?
Which theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by individuals' interpretation of events, with the overjustification effect leading to a decrease in intrinsic motivation when external rewards are given?
Which theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by individuals' interpretation of events, with the overjustification effect leading to a decrease in intrinsic motivation when external rewards are given?
According to the text, which theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions, with growth motives mediating task satisfaction and performance?
According to the text, which theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions, with growth motives mediating task satisfaction and performance?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET) and Job Characteristics Theory (JCT)?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET) and Job Characteristics Theory (JCT)?
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Study Notes
Theories of Motivation and Achievement: Key Points
- Variables can have different effects in distal and proximal systems.
- High self-confidence may enhance motivation in distal theories but negatively impact motivation in proximal theories.
- Traditional achievement motive theories view success motive as a single construct, but newer research investigates different types of goal-directed achievement motives.
- Job Characteristics Theory focuses on identifying job characteristics and how they influence emotional reactions, with growth motives mediating task satisfaction and performance.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes a sequential progression of needs, while Alderfer's theory suggests that needs operate simultaneously and frustration may lead to a re-emphasis of lower-level needs.
- Need fulfillment theories have limited predictive power for work behavior and performance due to little empirical support, unspecified intermediary processes, and issues with measuring need strength and satisfaction.
- Intrinsic motivation theories emphasize the multidimensional nature of intrinsic motivation and how it interacts with different motivations and their resulting effects.
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory suggests that intrinsic motivation is influenced by individuals' interpretation of events, with the overjustification effect leading to a decrease in intrinsic motivation when external rewards are given.
- Job Characteristics Theory looks at how aggregate job characteristics impact critical psychological states and job satisfaction.
- The relationship between Cognitive Evaluation Theory and Job Characteristics Theory is complementary, with CET having implications for tasks with a fixed structure and JCT having implications for job design.
- Current topics in intrinsic motivation research include the attributes of educational environments that foster intrinsic task interest and learning, characteristics associated with long-term intrinsic task interest among expert performers, and differences in motivational processes between intrinsic and extrinsic orientations.
- Motivation plays a role in skill acquisition, with factors like mastery control, challenge, and curiosity contributing to effective learning. Different forms of motivation can affect interest and the rate of skill acquisition.
- Intrinsic motivation is influenced by activity and can be assessed through analysis of subtle changes in thought/action patterns. Cognitive training could improve low levels of intrinsic work motivation.
- Personal goals shape motivated behavior, with different goals influencing behavior's direction and persistence. Feedback is interpreted differently by individuals with different goals, such as a desire to demonstrate ability or seeking to enhance competence.
- Goal orientation theories, such as Nicholls' Task & Ego Orientation and Dweck & Colleagues' framework, explore how individuals' focus on task or outcome affects effort, persistence, and self-perceptions of ability.
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