Achievement Motivation and Performance Goals Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

According to the text, motivation includes two components. What are they?

The direction in which activity is motivated and why they want to do it

The direction in which activity is motivated and the strength of the motivation (correct)

What people want to do and how strongly they want to do it

What people want to do and why they want to do it

Which theoretical perspective on motivation argues that basic human motives derive from the tasks of survival and reproduction?

Contemporary psychodynamic theory

Behavioural theory

Freudian psychology

Evolutionary psychology (correct)

According to Freud, what are humans motivated by?

Wishes and fears for self-esteem and relatedness

Internal tension states for sex and aggression (correct)

Internal tension states for self-esteem and relatedness

Wishes and fears for sex and aggression

What do contemporary psychodynamic theorists emphasize as motives for humans?

Wishes and fears for self-esteem and relatedness Signup and view all the answers

According to drive-reduction theories, what leads an animal to act?

Deprivation of basic needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of motivation according to the text?

The moving force that energizes behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which two major clusters of motives are mentioned in the text?

Agency and relatedness Signup and view all the answers

What is the need for achievement?

A motive to succeed and avoid failure Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of goals underlying achievement motivation?

Performance goals and mastery goals Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the strength of a motive?

A blend of innate factors and learning and culture Signup and view all the answers

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, what is the relationship between bodily experience and emotion?

Bodily experience is the cause of emotion Signup and view all the answers

What are display rules?

Patterns of emotional regulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system?

Sending global messages through the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls basic life processes such as heartbeat and digestion?

Parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of the cerebellum?

Coordinating smooth movements and discriminating stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the central nervous system controls vital physiological functions such as heartbeat and respiration?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

What are neurotransmitters?

Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

Receiving information through sensory receptors and directing the action of skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met before higher-level needs become active?

Physiological needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the body's tendency to maintain a relatively constant state or internal equilibrium?

Homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of metabolism?

Absorptive and fasting phases Signup and view all the answers

What signals the brain that short- and long-term fuel stores are diminishing and increases hunger?

Falling glucose and lipid levels in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What are the most important mechanisms for signaling satiety (fullness) in the body?

Receptors in the intestines Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and activities attributed by society as being appropriate for men and women?

Gender Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are involved in emotion, motivation, learning, and memory?

The septal area, amygdala, and hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What functions are associated with the frontal lobes?

Coordination of movement, attention, planning, and memory Signup and view all the answers

What connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

The corpus callosum Signup and view all the answers

Which lobes are specialized for vision?

The occipital lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is neuroplasticity?

The brain's ability to develop and change in response to neural, environmental, and behavioral experiences Signup and view all the answers

What does heritability refer to?

The proportion of variability among individuals on an observed trait that can be accounted for by variability in their genes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Components of Motivation

Motivation consists of two components: activation (the initiation of behavior) and persistence (the continued effort towards a goal).

Theoretical Perspectives

The evolutionary perspective argues that basic human motives are rooted in survival and reproduction.
Freud posited that humans are primarily motivated by unconscious desires and drives related to sex and aggression.

Contemporary Psychodynamic Theories

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of social and relational motives, along with unconscious processes.

Drive-Reduction Theories

Drive-reduction theories suggest that biological needs create drives that lead animals to act in ways that reduce those drives, restoring balance.

Definition of Motivation

Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

Major Clusters of Motives

Two major clusters of motives are physiological needs (such as hunger and thirst) and psychological needs (such as achievement and affiliation).

Need for Achievement

The need for achievement is defined as the desire to accomplish something difficult and to excel in competitive situations.

Goals Underlying Achievement Motivation

Two types of goals are associated with achievement motivation: mastery goals (focused on learning and self-improvement) and performance goals (focused on demonstrating ability relative to others).

Influencing Factors of Motive Strength

Factors influencing the strength of a motive include individual expectations, value placed on the goal, and the perceived difficulty of the task.

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

According to the James-Lange theory, bodily experiences (such as physiological responses) precede and shape emotional experiences.

Display Rules

Display rules are societal guidelines that dictate how and when emotions can be expressed.

Endocrine System Function

The endocrine system is involved in hormone regulation, affecting growth, metabolism, and mood.

Peripheral Nervous System Division

The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.

Cerebellum Function

The cerebellum is crucial for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and motor learning.

Central Nervous System Control

The brainstem governs vital processes such as heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that facilitate communication between neurons in the brain.

Somatic Nervous System Role

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement and the transmission of sensory information.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

In Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs (like food, water, and shelter) must be fulfilled before higher-level needs, such as esteem and self-actualization, become operative.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis refers to the body's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment or equilibrium.

Metabolism Phases

Metabolism consists of two phases: catabolism (breaking down substances for energy) and anabolism (building up substances for growth).

Hunger Signals

Hormones like ghrelin signal the brain when short- and long-term fuel stores are low, triggering hunger.

Satiety Mechanisms

Leptin and insulin are critical for signaling satiety and regulating energy balance in the body.

Gender Roles

Gender roles are the socially constructed behaviors and activities deemed appropriate for men and women.

Brain Structures and Functions

The limbic system includes structures involved in emotion, motivation, learning, and memory.

Frontal Lobe Functions

The frontal lobes are associated with higher cognitive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, and emotional regulation.

Cerebral Cortex Connection

The corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebral cortex, facilitating communication between them.

Vision Specialization

The occipital lobes are specialized for processing visual information.

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize and form new connections in response to learning and experience.

Heritability

Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals within a population.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of achievement motivation and performance goals with this quiz! Explore the influence of cultural and economic conditions on the need for achievement and learn about the two major clusters of motives: agency and relatedness. Discover how these motives shape our goals and drive us towards success or failure.