Motivated Reasoning and Cognitive Biases
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of motivated reasoning?

  • The tendency to be objective and unbiased
  • The ability to win an argument with ease
  • The willingness to admit one's mistakes
  • The tendency to come to conclusions that make one feel good (correct)

    • What is the name of the effect where people tend to believe they are above average in valued domains?

  • The Dunning-Kruger Effect
  • The Holier Than Thou Effect
  • The Above-Average Effect
  • The Lake Wobegon Effect (correct)

    • What is the term for the tendency to believe that one is more moral than others?

  • The Dunning-Kruger Effect
  • The Pygmalion Effect
  • The Above-Average Effect
  • The Holier Than Thou Effect (correct)

    • What is the name of the bias that involves searching for information that confirms one's prior beliefs?

    <p>Confirmation Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where people's expectations about a target's behavior creates that behavior among the target?

    <p>The Pygmalion Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two universal dimensions of social cognition?

    <p>Warmth and Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that describes the phenomenon where people experience psychological discomfort due to holding contradictory beliefs or experiencing a conflict between beliefs and reality?

    <p>Cognitive Dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the researcher who conducted the study on cognitive dissonance, known as 'When Prophecy Fails'?

    <p>Festinger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when people behave in a way that confirms their expectations about someone?

    <p>Self-Fulfilling Prophecy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the strong tendency to maintain cognitive consistency?

    <p>Cognitive Consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 'When Prophecy Fails' study, what happens to people's beliefs when a prophecy fails to come true?

    <p>They experience cognitive dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method people use to resolve cognitive dissonance, according to Festinger's theory?

    <p>Choose the path of least resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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