Motivated Reasoning: Biases and Fallacies
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where people experience discomfort or tension due to holding contradictory beliefs or experiencing a conflict between beliefs and reality?

  • Self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Cognitive dissonance (correct)
  • Behavioral confirmation
  • Cognitive consistency

In the 'When Prophecy Fails' study, what was the predicted event that did not come true?

  • An alien invasion
  • The end of the world
  • The arrival of a spaceship
  • A catastrophic flood that would destroy much of the Earth (correct)

What is the term for the tendency of people to behave in a way that is consistent with their expectations of someone else's behavior?

  • Cognitive dissonance
  • Self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Behavioral confirmation (correct)
  • Social influence

What is the name of the researcher who first proposed the concept of cognitive dissonance?

<p>Festinger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that people often resolve cognitive dissonance?

<p>Changing one's belief (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the leader of the religious group studied in the 'When Prophecy Fails' study?

<p>Dorothy Martin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driver behind motivated reasoning?

<p>The need to come to conclusions that make one feel good (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where people tend to believe they are above average in valued domains?

<p>The Above-Average Effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the Holier Than Thou Effect?

<p>Believing one is more likely to give to charity than others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values?

<p>Confirmation Bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon where perceivers' expectations about a target's behavior create that behavior among the target?

<p>The Pygmalion Effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two universal dimensions of social cognition?

<p>Warmth and competence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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