Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cognitive bias leads an individual to believe that after a series of losses in a game of chance, their probability of winning increases?
Which cognitive bias leads an individual to believe that after a series of losses in a game of chance, their probability of winning increases?
- Representative heuristic
- Availability heuristic
- Sunk-cost fallacy
- Gambler's fallacy (correct)
A student preparing for an exam creates visual associations between key terms and locations in their home. Which mnemonic technique are they employing?
A student preparing for an exam creates visual associations between key terms and locations in their home. Which mnemonic technique are they employing?
- Elaborative rehearsal
- Method of Loci (correct)
- Phonological loop
- Maintenance rehearsal
An individual struggles to remember events that occurred before a traumatic brain injury, but can form new memories without difficulty. This person is most likely experiencing which type of amnesia?
An individual struggles to remember events that occurred before a traumatic brain injury, but can form new memories without difficulty. This person is most likely experiencing which type of amnesia?
- Repression
- Retrograde amnesia (correct)
- Constructive amnesia
- Anterograde amnesia
Which of the following best exemplifies the use of elaborative rehearsal as a memory encoding strategy?
Which of the following best exemplifies the use of elaborative rehearsal as a memory encoding strategy?
What is the primary function of the visuospatial sketchpad in working memory?
What is the primary function of the visuospatial sketchpad in working memory?
Which scenario exemplifies the representativeness heuristic?
Which scenario exemplifies the representativeness heuristic?
A project manager consistently misses deadlines, but attributes it to unforeseen circumstances rather than poor planning. Which cognitive process is most likely impaired?
A project manager consistently misses deadlines, but attributes it to unforeseen circumstances rather than poor planning. Which cognitive process is most likely impaired?
An individual struggles to remember to take medication each morning, despite understanding its importance. Which type of memory is primarily affected?
An individual struggles to remember to take medication each morning, despite understanding its importance. Which type of memory is primarily affected?
A student learns new vocabulary by creating sentences that use each word in a personal and relevant context. This is an example of what?
A student learns new vocabulary by creating sentences that use each word in a personal and relevant context. This is an example of what?
A researcher finds that students who score high on the first half of a test also tend to score high on the second half. Which type of reliability is demonstrated?
A researcher finds that students who score high on the first half of a test also tend to score high on the second half. Which type of reliability is demonstrated?
Flashcards
Heuristics
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making.
Availability Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind.
Gambler's Fallacy
Gambler's Fallacy
The mistaken belief that past random events affect future odds.
Executive Functions
Executive Functions
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Semantic Memory
Semantic Memory
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Representative Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
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Sunk-Cost Fallacy
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
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Prospective Memory
Prospective Memory
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Explicit Memory
Explicit Memory
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Phonological Loop
Phonological Loop
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Study Notes
- Heuristics are mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making.
Representative Heuristic
- This is a mental shortcut where things are categorized based on their similarity to a typical case.
Availability Heuristic
- This involves estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
Gambler's Fallacy
- This is the mistaken belief that the probability of a random event increases if it hasn't occurred recently.
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
- This is when decisions are influenced by past investments, regardless of current costs and benefits.
Executive Functions
- These are higher-order thinking processes, including things like planning, organizing, inhibition, and decision-making.
Semantic Memory
- This is a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general world knowledge, including language.
Prospective Memory
- This involves remembering to perform actions in the future.
Explicit Memory
- This is the collection of memories from specific times and places.
Phonological Loop
- This holds and processes verbal information and is thought to have evolved for language learning.
Visuospatial Sketchpad
- This involves remembering information through the creation of mental images.
Iconic Memory
- This refers to a very brief visual memory where an image is held for a split second.
Method of Loci
- This is a mnemonic technique that associates list items with a sequence of familiar physical locations.
Maintenance Rehearsal
- This is when information is repeated to oneself to aid memorization.
Elaborative Rehearsal
- This transfers information to long-term memory by making meaningful connections.
Retrograde Amnesia
- This involves the inability to retrieve past memories.
Anterograde Amnesia
- This involves the inability to form new memories.
Split-Half Reliability
- This assesses reliability by dividing a test into two parts and comparing scores on each half.
Constructive Memory
- This is when memory is influenced by knowledge and expectations to fill in missing details.
Repression
- This is a defense mechanism that removes anxiety-inducing thoughts from consciousness.
Metacognition
- This is awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.
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