Morphology of Flowering Plants: Roots

What is the structure that covers the apex of the root?

Where is the region of meristematic activity located in relation to the root cap?

What is the next region after the region of meristematic activity in the root?

What are the delicate structures formed from epidermal cells that assist in water absorption?

Which of the following roots are modified for food storage?

What are the supporting roots called that emerge from the lower nodes of maize and sugarcane?

What are the vertical roots that help some plants obtain oxygen for respiration called?

Regions of the Root

Root apex covered by a root cap; protects the tip as it grows through soil.
Just above the root cap is the meristematic region, where cells are small, thin-walled, and densely cytoplasmic; responsible for cell division.
The region of elongation is where cells become elongated and enlarged, contributing to root growth in length.
Proximal to elongation is the region of maturation, where cells differentiate and mature.
Epidermal cells in this region develop root hairs; these absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Modifications of Root

Roots may modify to perform functions beyond absorption and conduction, such as support, food storage, and respiration.
Tap roots (e.g., carrot, turnip) and adventitious roots (e.g., sweet potato) swell to store nutrients.
Prop roots support banyan trees, providing stability.
Stilt roots emerge from lower nodes in plants like maize and sugarcane, aiding in support.
Pneumatophores are specialized roots in swampy areas (e.g., Rhizophora) that grow vertically, facilitating oxygen absorption for respiration.

Explore the intricate morphology of flowering plants with a focus on the root structure. Learn about the protective functions of the root cap and the significance of the meristematic region in growth and elongation. This quiz will test your understanding of how roots develop and operate within the soil.