M+S L11)Morphology and Syntax: Constituency and Clause Structure

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What is the term for a linguistic part of a larger sentence, phrase, or clause?

Predicate
Phrase
Clause
Constituent (correct)

Which linguist developed the Immediate Constituent Analysis test?

Noam Chomsky
Derek Leung
William Labov
Leonard Bloomfield (correct)

What is the term for the type of sentence construction where a phrase or clause is moved to the beginning of a sentence?

Wh-Cleft
It-Cleft (correct)
Displacement
Pseudo-Cleft

In the sentence 'What the frog caught was the mosquito.', what type of sentence construction is used?

Pseudo-Cleft (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of replacing a constituent with a proform?

Proform Substitution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of how words are combined to form phrases, clauses, and sentences?

Syntax (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a word or phrase that is not in its expected canonical word order, but instead appears in a different position, with the canonical position remaining empty?

Displacement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of constituency tests in syntax?

To distinguish between different phrases and their constituent parts (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of removing part of a sentence to form a new sentence, while still conveying the same meaning?

Gapping (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the ambiguity that arises from the presence of multiple possible phrase structures in a sentence?

Structural ambiguity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of phrase structure trees in syntax?

To represent the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of combining two or more phrases or clauses to form a new sentence?

Coordination (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of displacement affect the canonical word order in a sentence?

Displacement moves a word or phrase to a different position in the sentence, leaving the canonical position empty. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pro-form substitution in constituency tests, and how does it help in identifying sentence structure?

Pro-form substitution helps identify sentence structure by replacing a constituent with a pro-form, which reveals the underlying structure of the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

How do phrase structure trees represent the hierarchical structure of a sentence, and what do they reveal about sentence meaning?

Phrase structure trees represent the hierarchical structure of a sentence by visually depicting the relationships between constituents, revealing the underlying structure and meaning of the sentence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between coordination and subordination in sentence structure, and how do they affect sentence meaning?

Coordination involves combining two or more phrases or clauses of equal importance, while subordination involves combining a dependent clause with an independent clause, resulting in different sentence meanings. Signup and view all the answers

How does structural ambiguity arise in sentences, and what are the implications for sentence meaning?

Structural ambiguity arises when a sentence can be parsed in multiple ways, resulting in different possible meanings, which can affect sentence interpretation and understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gapping in deletion, and how does it affect sentence structure and meaning?

Gapping involves the deletion of a constituent, resulting in a sentence with a reduced structure, which can affect sentence meaning and interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental assumption underlying the concept of constituents in syntax, and how does it explain the meaning of a sentence?

The fundamental assumption is that every sentence (and every phrase and clause) is made up of constituents that work together to make the sentence meaningful. This assumption explains that the meaning of a sentence arises from the combination of its constituent parts. Signup and view all the answers

How do It-cleft and Pseudo-Cleft constructions differ in terms of their syntactic structure, and what do they reveal about the constituent structure of a sentence?

It-cleft constructions involve the use of 'it' as a placeholder, followed by a copula, an XP, and a clause, whereas Pseudo-Cleft constructions involve the use of a wh-word, a copula, and an XP. Both constructions reveal the underlying constituent structure of a sentence by rearranging the original sentence to highlight a specific constituent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Immediate Constituent Analysis test in syntax, and how does it contribute to our understanding of sentence structure?

The Immediate Constituent Analysis test is a method for identifying the constituent structure of a sentence by breaking it down into its immediate constituents. This test contributes to our understanding of sentence structure by revealing the hierarchical organization of constituents in a sentence. Signup and view all the answers

How do constituency tests, such as It-cleft and Pseudo-Cleft, help to resolve ambiguity in sentences, and what do they reveal about the nature of linguistic meaning?

Constituency tests help to resolve ambiguity in sentences by identifying the underlying constituent structure, which in turn reveals the intended meaning of the sentence. They show that linguistic meaning arises from the combination of constituents and their relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between displacement and coordination in syntax, and how do these phenomena contribute to the complexity of sentence structure?

Displacement refers to the movement of a constituent to a non-canonical position, while coordination refers to the combination of two or more phrases or clauses. Both phenomena contribute to the complexity of sentence structure by creating multiple possible interpretations and relationships between constituents. Signup and view all the answers

How do the concepts of constituency, displacement, and coordination interact in the analysis of sentence structure, and what do they reveal about the nature of language?

The concepts of constituency, displacement, and coordination interact by showing how constituents are combined and rearranged to create complex sentence structures. They reveal that language is a highly flexible and dynamic system, capable of conveying multiple meanings and relationships through the manipulation of constituents. Signup and view all the answers