Morphology and Lexical Morphology Quiz 05
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a suffix that can be added to a verb to create a noun?

  • -ify
  • -ation (correct)
  • -ism
  • -ish

    • What kind of morpheme is '-ation' in the word "activation"?

  • Root morpheme
  • Bound morpheme (correct)
  • Free morpheme
  • Base morpheme

    • Identify the correct example of infixation provided in the text.

  • Ge-birg-e
  • in-ac-tīv-itāt-
  • rtafaʿa (correct)
  • mega-anstrengend

    • In the example of "Ge-birg-e", what are the morphemes added at the beginning and the end called?

    <p>Circumfixes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words exemplifies affixation that changes word class?

    <p>containerise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a derivative of 'act' according to the provided examples?

    <p>reactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the examples, which of the following is most likely to be a suffix used to create an adjective?

    <p>-ish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of suffix would be most likely to be added to the word 'manage' to make it a noun?

    <p>-ment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many morphemes are present in the word "untouchables"?

    <p>5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the root of the word "untouchables"?

    <p>touch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the common element in the Spanish word forms "aprender", "aprendo", "aprendes", "aprendan", "aprendimos"?

    <p>aprender- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphological process is NOT present in the word "untouchables"?

    <p>Conversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of word-formation in languages, as described in the provided text?

    <p>To facilitate the understanding of unfamiliar words. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphological process is used to create the word "untouchability" from "untouchable"?

    <p>Suffixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of word-formation from the speaker's perspective?

    <p>It reduces the burden on memory by building on existing vocabulary. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a morpheme and an allomorph?

    <p>A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning, while an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following words CANNOT be considered a stem in English, according to the examples provided?

    <p>fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of morphemes a word can have in English?

    <p>Theoretically unlimited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a productive strategy for word-formation in English?

    <p>Conversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical effect of prefixation on the word class of the resulting word, as described in the text?

    <p>It usually maintains the original word class. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a root and a stem?

    <p>A root is a lexical morpheme, while a stem can be a free or bound form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the examples provided in the text, which prefix is BOTH class-maintaining AND productive in English?

    <p>re- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the approach to defining stems in highly inflected languages and in English?

    <p>Inflected languages often involve stems that are not complete words, unlike English. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms is NOT a type of compounding explained in the text above?

    <p>Subordinating compounding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compounding refers to two complimentary compounds?

    <p>Copulative compounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of 'determinative' in Endocentric compounding?

    <p>childproof (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Exocentric compounding?

    <p>The meaning comes from something other than the combined parts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example 'woman-doctor', what type of compounding is illustrated?

    <p>Appositional compounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of Appositional compounding?

    <p>Two separate ideas are combined into a single word. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'pantyhose' is an example of which type of compounding?

    <p>Copulative compounding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT illustrate a contrastive concept in Copulative compounding?

    <p>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Stem

    The part of a word to which affixes can be added, usually a core meaning without inflection.

    Inflection

    Modifications to a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, or number.

    Lexical Morphology

    The study of how words are formed and structured in a language.

    Word-formation

    The process of creating new words using existing word forms and morphemes.

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    Derivation

    A word formation process that creates new words by adding prefixes or suffixes to a base.

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    Prefixation

    A specific type of derivation where prefixes are added to the beginning of a word.

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    Free form

    A morpheme that can stand alone as a word, such as 'parent'.

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    Bound form

    A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must attach to a free form, like 'un-' or '-ing'.

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    Morpheme

    The smallest grammatical unit in a language.

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    Allomorph

    Variations of a morpheme that appear in different contexts.

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    Complementary distribution

    When two allomorphs never occur in the same context.

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    Morpheme count in English

    Minimum one morpheme, theoretically unlimited morphemes in a word.

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    Recursive word-formation

    Morphological processes that can apply repeatedly to form new words.

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    Root of a word

    A free lexical morpheme remaining when all affixes are removed.

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    Stem of a word

    Part of a word after removing inflectional affixes; can be simple or complex.

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    Morphological processes

    Processes that create new words from existing morphemes through rules.

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    Endocentric Compounding

    A type of compound where the meaning derives from one word and the other specifies its kind.

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    Exocentric Compounding

    A compound where the meaning is derived from outside the words themselves.

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    Appositional Compounding

    A type where both components contribute equally to the meaning.

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    Copulative Compounding

    A compound where two elements are partners, emphasizing balance.

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    Determinativkompositum

    Another term for Endocentric compounds in morphology.

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    Possessivkompositum

    Another name for Exocentric compounds, often denoting entities.

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    Sanskrit Bahuvrīhi

    A category of Exocentric compounding using a cultural reference.

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    Balanced Partnership

    Concept in Copulative compounding where both elements are equally important.

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    Affixation

    The process of adding bound morphemes to a base word to form new words.

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    Suffixation

    Adding a bound morpheme to the end of a base word, often changing its grammatical category.

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    Infixation

    Inserting a morpheme within a base word, less common than prefixation or suffixation.

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    Circumfixation

    A morphological process adding a bound morpheme around a base, one at the start and one at the end.

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    Productivity in Morphology

    The degree to which a particular morphological process can produce new words.

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    Class-changing Suffixes

    Suffixes that change the grammatical category of a word (e.g., noun to verb).

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    Study Notes

    Morphology

    • Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words.
    • Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a language.
    • Allomorphs are different forms of the same morpheme. They occur in different contexts.
    • Allomorphs are in complementary distribution. This means that they occur in specific conditions.
    • The minimum number of morphemes in a word-form is one.
    • The maximum number of morphemes in an English word is theoretically unlimited, but practical limitations exist.
    • Word-formation is recursive; one morphological process can become the input for another.
    • A stem is the part of a word that remains after removing all affixes. It is the root or free lexical morpheme.
    • A stem is not further analyzable for word meanings.
    • A free morpheme can stand alone as a word.

    Lexical Morphology

    • Languages are open systems. They allow the creation of new words.
    • Word-formation keeps pace with changes in society and technology.
    • Word-formation allows language to save mental energy.
    • Building on existing vocabulary is less mentally demanding than learning completely new words.
    • Established patterns allows words to be understood, even if never encountered before.
    • Three most productive word-formation in English use morphemes.

    Derivation (Affixation)

    • Prefixation: Adding a prefix (bound morpheme) to a stem (free morpheme) typically maintains word class.
      • Examples: co-author, ex-president, intolerable, minidress, non-smoker, rewrite, unpopular, bewitch, endear, enslave.
    • Suffixation: Adding a suffix (bound morpheme) to a stem (free morpheme) often changes word class.
      • Examples: droplet, duckling, kingdom, kinship, manhood, Marxism, freedom, falsehood, productiveness, childish, fatherly, environmental, picturesque, wooden, containerise, fishify, activate, blacken, modernise, purify, productivity, blackmailee, flirtation, infusion, killer, management, absorbent, drinkable.

    Compounding

    • Combining two or more free morphemes to create a new word.
      • Endocentric: The meaning of the compound comes from one of the parts (the head). Example: rattlesnake, fast-food
      • Exocentric: The meaning of the compound comes from outside the parts. Example: spoilsport, skinhead
      • Appositional: Both parts are equally important. Example: woman doctor, bedroom study

    Copulative Compounding

    • Two parts of a word convey a balanced relationship Example: Alsace-Lorraine, Kraft Heinz, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

    Neoclassical Compounding

    • Using combining forms from classical languages. Example: aristocrat, autograph, biology, electrophile.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on morphology and lexical morphology, the fundamental concepts related to the structure and formation of words. This quiz covers morphemes, allomorphs, and the processes involved in word formation. Explore the intricacies of language and how new words are created in response to societal changes.

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