English Lexical Categories and Morphological Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main functions of morphology in English?

Morphology fulfils two main functions in English. Morphemes can be used to form new words or to inflect verbs, nouns and pronouns.

What is derivational morphology?

Derivational morphology is the process of forming a new word by adding a derivational affix, such as a prefix or suffix, to a base word.

What is the difference between derivational and inflectional morphology?

Derivational morphology involves adding a derivational affix to create a new word, while inflectional morphology involves adding an inflectional morpheme to change the grammatical function of a word without creating a new word.

What are the inflectional morphemes in English?

<p>The inflectional morphemes in English include plural -s (cats), possessive -’s (brother’s), comparative -er (taller), superlative -est (tallest), third person singular Present Simple -s (he walks), Past Simple -ed (walked), progressive -ing (walking).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an inflectional morpheme do?

<p>Inflectional morphemes change what a word does in terms of grammar, but do not create a new word. They do not change one word into another and never change their syntactic category, they just create another form of the same word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between derivational affixes and inflectional suffixes?

<p>Derivational affixes can change the class of a word, while inflectional suffixes cannot change the class of a word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of derivational affixation?

<p>An example of derivational affixation is adding the suffix -ness to the adjective 'happy' to create the noun 'happiness'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of inflectional suffixation?

<p>An example of inflectional suffixation is adding the suffix -ed to the verb 'walk' to create the past tense form 'walked'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of inflectional morphemes in English?

<p>Inflectional morphemes in English originate from Anglo-Saxon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inflectional morphemes in English?

<p>The function of inflectional morphemes in English is to change the grammatical function of a word without creating a new word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of Anglo-Saxon derivational morphemes and their meanings?

<p>Examples include un- (meaning not), dis- (meaning not), a- (meaning not), in- (meaning not), re- (meaning again), mis- (meaning wrong), fore- (meaning before), and many others like de-, pre-, inter-, trans-, super-, semi-, anti-, mid-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common suffixes in English and their meanings?

<p>Common suffixes include -er (meaning person who does), -y (meaning characterised by), -ful (meaning full of), -ness (meaning state or quality of), -less (meaning without) among others like -ment, -hood, -able/-ible, and -en.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of Latin prefixes and their meanings?

<p>Examples include non- (meaning non-existent), ex- (meaning former), con- (meaning with), per-, mal-, bi- (meaning twice), co- (meaning together), and many others like super-, circum-, intra-, contra-, counter-, extra-, intro-, multi-, and ultra-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of Greek morphemes and their meanings?

<p>Examples include micro-, photo-, -graph, and -ology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphology?

<p>Inflectional morphology involves adding morphemes to a word to change its grammatical function, while derivational morphology involves adding morphemes to a word to create a new word with a different meaning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of derivational morphology in English?

<p>Derivational morphology helps us to create new words out of root words, which get their own entry in the dictionary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of English's rich history and spelling system?

<p>English has a rich history, including influences from Anglo-Saxon, as well as Latin (French) and Greek.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a noun suffix in English?

<p>Examples of noun suffixes include -acy (democracy), -ation (adoration), -er/-or (painter), -ess (mistress), -ity (solemnity), -ment (bewilderment), -ness (weakness), and -ship (friendship).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a verb suffix in English?

<p>Examples of verb suffixes include -ise/ize (hospitalise), -ify (signify), -ate (populate), and -en (widen).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an adjective suffix in English?

<p>Examples of adjective suffixes include -able (capable), -ed (bored), -ful (careful), -less (careless), -ish (childish), and -y (happy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Morphemes can be used to form new words or to ______ verbs, nouns and pronouns.

<p>inflect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derivational affixes often involve a change of ______.

<p>class</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional suffixes never involve a change of ______.

<p>class</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphology occurs with ______, pronouns and verbs.

<p>nouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inflectional morphemes in English are always ______.

<p>suffixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphemes change what a word does in terms of ______.

<p>grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The plural -s and the possessive -’s are examples of ______ morphemes.

<p>inflectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The comparative -er and superlative -est are examples of ______ morphemes.

<p>inflectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The progressive -ing and the past tense -ed are examples of ______ morphemes.

<p>inflectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphemes are useful to highlight to students, as they are usually ______ the same way, and have a consistent meaning.

<p>spelt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derivational morphemes help us to create new words out of ______ words.

<p>root</p> Signup and view all the answers

English has a rich history, including influences from Anglo-Saxon, as well as Latin (French) and Greek. Each of these influences have had an effect on the vocabulary and spelling of English, and these are reflected in the ______ morphemes (prefixes and suffixes), which can be grouped into different phases of English's evolution.

<p>derivational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anglo-Saxon derivational morphemes include high frequency prefixes such as: un-, dis-, a- and in- (meaning not as is unfair, dislike, amoral and inexpensive,) re- (meaning again as in reuse), mis- (meaning wrong as in misbehave) or fore- (meaning before as in forecast) and many others (de-, pre-, inter-, trans-, super-, semi-, anti-, mid-) and common suffixes such as: -er (meaning person who does verb as in teacher), -y (meaning characterized by as in smelly), -ful (meaning full of as in joyful), -ness (meaning state or quality of as in kindness), -less (meaning without as in tasteless) among others (-ment, -hood, -able/-ible, -en).

<p>prefixes and suffixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Latin prefixes include non- (non-existent), ex- (ex-wife), con- (meaning with as in connect), per-, mal-, bi- (meaning twice as in binary), co- (meaning together as in coproduce) (super-, circum-, intra-, contra-, counter-, extra-, intro- multi- ultra-) and suffixes include -ion (population), -ous (populous), -or (scholar), -ify (signify) or -ity (reality).

<p>prefixes and suffixes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greek ______ include micro-, photo-, -graph or -ology.

<p>morphemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words ending in the morphemes -acy (democracy), -ation (adoration), -er/-or (painter), -ess (mistress), -ity (solemnity), -ment (bewilderment), -ness (weakness ) and -ship (friendship), -hood (brotherhood), -ist (artist), -ism (socialism) tend to be ______.

<p>nouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words ending in morphemes -ise/ize (hospitalise), -ify (signify), -ate (populate) or -en (widen) tend to be ______.

<p>verbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Words ending in morphemes -able (capable), -ed (bored), -ful (careful), -less (careless), -ish (childish) or -y (happy) tend to be ______.

<p>adjectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Finally, words which end in -ly tend to be ______.

<p>adverbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Although the above suffixes tend to be associated with particular word classes, it is always worth remembering that, in English, it is only safe to judge the class of an item when it has been seen in ______.

<p>context</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphology involves prefixation, suffixation or affixation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphemes always involve a change of class.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional suffixes can change the syntactic category of a word.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphemes can create a new word.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

All inflectional morphemes in English are suffixes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional suffixes can indicate tense.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflectional morphemes are usually spelt differently and have an inconsistent meaning.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derivational morphemes never involve a change of class.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Derivational affixation can change the syntactic category of a word.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Greek morphemes include -micro, -photo, -graph and -ology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is inflectional morphology used to create new words?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do derivational morphemes always change the class of the word to which they are attached?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Anglo-Saxon derivational morphemes include the prefix -co as in cooperate?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the suffix -ful always used to form adjectives in English?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Latin morphemes include the prefix sub- as in submarine?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do inflectional morphemes help us to create new words out of root words?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Greek morphemes include the suffix -able as in capable?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do Anglo-Saxon derivational morphemes include the suffix -y as in smelly?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are words ending in -ly always adverbs in English?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it always safe to judge the grammatical class of a word based on its suffix in English?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphemes?

<p>Inflectional morphemes modify existing words, while derivational morphemes create new words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an Anglo-Saxon derivational prefix?

<p>Non-</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Latin derivational suffix?

<p>-Ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Greek derivational morpheme?

<p>-Ology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common noun suffix in English?

<p>-Ize</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adjective suffix in English?

<p>-Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common verb suffix in English?

<p>-Ize</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common adverb suffix in English?

<p>-En</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a derivational prefix and a derivational suffix?

<p>A derivational prefix modifies the meaning of the root word, while a derivational suffix modifies the class of the word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inflectional morphology in English?

<p>To modify existing words to indicate tense, number, or possession.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of inflectional morphology in English?

<p>To inflect verbs, nouns and pronouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of derivational morphology?

<p>Adding -ment to make a noun from a verb</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between derivational and inflectional affixes?

<p>Derivational affixes create new words, while inflectional affixes change the form of existing words</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inflectional suffix in English?

<p>-s</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of inflectional morphemes in English?

<p>Anglo-Saxon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inflected verb in English?

<p>Jumped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a derivational suffix in English?

<p>-able</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between derivational and inflectional suffixes in English?

<p>Derivational suffixes create new words, while inflectional suffixes change the form of existing words</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an inflectional morpheme in English?

<p>-s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inflected noun in English?

<p>Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Morphology in English

  • Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words and how they are formed
  • There are two main functions of morphology in English:
    • Derivational morphology: involves the creation of new words
    • Inflectional morphology: involves the modification of existing words to indicate grammatical function

Derivational Morphology

  • Derivational morphology involves the use of prefixes and suffixes to create new words
  • Derivational affixes change the grammatical category of a word
  • Examples of derivational affixes:
    • Prefixes: un-, re-, non-, ex-
    • Suffixes: -ful, -ness, -ment, -er

Inflectional Morphology

  • Inflectional morphology involves the modification of existing words to indicate grammatical function
  • Inflectional morphemes do not change the grammatical category of a word
  • Examples of inflectional morphemes:
    • Plural -s and possessive -'s
    • Comparative -er and superlative -est
    • Progressive -ing and past tense -ed

Differences between Derivational and Inflectional Morphology

  • Derivational morphology creates new words, while inflectional morphology modifies existing words
  • Derivational affixes change the grammatical category of a word, while inflectional morphemes do not
  • Examples of derivational morphology:
    • Creating a new noun: unhappy -> unhappiness
    • Creating a new verb: run -> runnable
  • Examples of inflectional morphology:
    • Modifying a noun: cat -> cats (plural)
    • Modifying a verb: run -> running (progressive)

Origin of Inflectional Morphemes in English

  • Inflectional morphemes in English have their origin in Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek
  • Examples of Anglo-Saxon derivational morphemes:
    • Prefixes: un-, re-, non-
    • Suffixes: -ful, -ness, -ment
  • Examples of Latin derivational morphemes:
    • Prefixes: non-, ex-, con-
    • Suffixes: -ion, -ous, -or
  • Examples of Greek derivational morphemes:
    • Prefixes: micro-, photo-
    • Suffixes: -graph, -ology

Functions of Derivational and Inflectional Morphology

  • Derivational morphology helps to create new words out of root words
  • Inflectional morphology helps to modify existing words to indicate grammatical function
  • Both derivational and inflectional morphology are essential for language formation and communication

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Test your knowledge of lexical categories and morphological processes in English with this quiz. Explore derivational and inflectional morphology and learn about the different ways morphemes can be used to form new words or inflect existing ones. Practice your understanding of prefixation, suffixation, and affixation in this engaging quiz.

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