Moral Development in Early Childhood
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Questions and Answers

What is morality?

  • The act of cheating in classrooms
  • A moral dilemma that requires a person to make a moral decision
  • Our understanding of the difference between right and wrong, or good and bad behavior (correct)
  • The ability to make perfect decisions

    • What is a moral dilemma?

  • An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision (correct)
  • A clear-cut situation that requires a moral decision
  • A situation that has a straightforward solution
  • A situation that requires no moral judgment

    • Why is it important to understand children's moral development in early childhood educational practices?

  • To help children develop morally and make informed decisions (correct)
  • To promote cheating in classrooms
  • To ignore the Heinz dilemma
  • To focus solely on academic achievement

    • What is the Heinz dilemma about?

    <p>A woman who is ill and needs a life-saving drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the scientist refuse to give Heinz a discount or let him pay later?

    <p>Because he wanted to make money from his research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in Scenario 2 of the Heinz dilemma?

    <p>Heinz breaks into the laboratory and steals the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue in the Heinz dilemma?

    <p>The high cost of the life-saving drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development related to?

    <p>Early childhood educational practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Doing one's duty and maintaining social order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of moral development do individuals begin to consider universal moral principles?

    <p>Stage 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of adults is estimated to attain the post-conventional level of morality according to Kohlberg?

    <p>20 to 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of Officer Brown in the Heinz Dilemma scenario?

    <p>Reporting what he saw to uphold the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>Considering rules and laws as agreements among people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>How one's sense of right and wrong changes with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Stage 4 and Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>The emphasis on authority vs. social agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does a child's moral development focus on the consequences of their actions?

    <p>Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of ethical decisions at Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?

    <p>The benefit to the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the orientation characterized by doing one's duty and respecting authority?

    <p>Law and Order Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the judge sentence Heinz to prison?

    <p>Because Heinz was found guilty of a crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kohlberg, what is the typical morality level of most children?

    <p>Pre-Conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level of moral development do individuals focus on the opinions of others when making ethical decisions?

    <p>Level II: Conventional Morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?

    <p>It is culturally biased and does not apply to all societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of an individual at Stage 3 of Kohlberg's Theory?

    <p>Concern for the opinions of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Stage 1 and Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?

    <p>The focus on punishment versus self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Moral Development

    • Morality is our understanding of the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
    • It can be thought of as a force that motivates our behavior.

    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

    • Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) was a psychologist who created the theory of moral development.
    • It describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age.

    Levels and Stages of Moral Development

    • Level I: Pre-conventional Morality
      • Stage 1 (2/3 - 5/6 years old): Punishment - Obedience Orientation
        • Consequences of acts determine whether they're good or bad.
      • Stage 2 (5-7 years old, or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation
        • The ethics of self-interests ("What's in it for me?")
        • Obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.
    • Level II: Conventional Morality
      • Stage 3 (7- about 12 years old): Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation
        • Ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
      • Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation
        • Right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the given social order for its own sake.
    • Level III: Post-Conventional Morality
      • Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation
        • Rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
        • Rules can be changed when they no longer meet society's needs.
      • Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
        • Individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.
        • Laws and societal values have a certain validity, but if these laws conflict with principles of human dignity, they need to follow these principles.

    Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory

    • According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
    • Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
    • Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.

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    Description

    Understand moral development, Kohlberg's theory, and its link to early childhood education. Learn about morality and how it motivates our behavior.

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