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Questions and Answers
What is morality?
What is morality?
- The act of cheating in classrooms
- A moral dilemma that requires a person to make a moral decision
- Our understanding of the difference between right and wrong, or good and bad behavior (correct)
- The ability to make perfect decisions
What is a moral dilemma?
What is a moral dilemma?
- An ambiguous situation that requires a person to make a moral decision (correct)
- A clear-cut situation that requires a moral decision
- A situation that has a straightforward solution
- A situation that requires no moral judgment
Why is it important to understand children's moral development in early childhood educational practices?
Why is it important to understand children's moral development in early childhood educational practices?
- To help children develop morally and make informed decisions (correct)
- To promote cheating in classrooms
- To ignore the Heinz dilemma
- To focus solely on academic achievement
What is the Heinz dilemma about?
What is the Heinz dilemma about?
Why did the scientist refuse to give Heinz a discount or let him pay later?
Why did the scientist refuse to give Heinz a discount or let him pay later?
What happens in Scenario 2 of the Heinz dilemma?
What happens in Scenario 2 of the Heinz dilemma?
What is the main issue in the Heinz dilemma?
What is the main issue in the Heinz dilemma?
What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development related to?
What is Kohlberg's theory of moral development related to?
What is the main focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the main focus of Stage 4 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
At what stage of moral development do individuals begin to consider universal moral principles?
At what stage of moral development do individuals begin to consider universal moral principles?
What percentage of adults is estimated to attain the post-conventional level of morality according to Kohlberg?
What percentage of adults is estimated to attain the post-conventional level of morality according to Kohlberg?
What is the main concern of Officer Brown in the Heinz Dilemma scenario?
What is the main concern of Officer Brown in the Heinz Dilemma scenario?
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary focus of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary focus of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary difference between Stage 4 and Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary difference between Stage 4 and Stage 5 of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
At what stage does a child's moral development focus on the consequences of their actions?
At what stage does a child's moral development focus on the consequences of their actions?
What is the primary driver of ethical decisions at Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the primary driver of ethical decisions at Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the name of the orientation characterized by doing one's duty and respecting authority?
What is the name of the orientation characterized by doing one's duty and respecting authority?
Why might the judge sentence Heinz to prison?
Why might the judge sentence Heinz to prison?
According to Kohlberg, what is the typical morality level of most children?
According to Kohlberg, what is the typical morality level of most children?
At what level of moral development do individuals focus on the opinions of others when making ethical decisions?
At what level of moral development do individuals focus on the opinions of others when making ethical decisions?
What is the main criticism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the main criticism of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development?
What is the primary concern of an individual at Stage 3 of Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the primary concern of an individual at Stage 3 of Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the main difference between Stage 1 and Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?
What is the main difference between Stage 1 and Stage 2 of Kohlberg's Theory?
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Study Notes
Moral Development
- Morality is our understanding of the difference between right and wrong or good and bad behavior.
- It can be thought of as a force that motivates our behavior.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) was a psychologist who created the theory of moral development.
- It describes how one's sense of right and wrong changes with age.
Levels and Stages of Moral Development
- Level I: Pre-conventional Morality
- Stage 1 (2/3 - 5/6 years old): Punishment - Obedience Orientation
- Consequences of acts determine whether they're good or bad.
- Stage 2 (5-7 years old, or up to age 9): Instrumental Relativist Orientation
- The ethics of self-interests ("What's in it for me?")
- Obeying rules and exchanging favors are judged in terms of the benefit to the individual.
- Stage 1 (2/3 - 5/6 years old): Punishment - Obedience Orientation
- Level II: Conventional Morality
- Stage 3 (7- about 12 years old): Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation
- Ethical decisions are based on concern for or the opinions of others.
- Stage 4 (can start as early as 10 years old): Law and Order Orientation
- Right behavior consists in doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the given social order for its own sake.
- Stage 3 (7- about 12 years old): Good Boy - Nice Girl Orientation
- Level III: Post-Conventional Morality
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation
- Rules and laws represent agreements among people about behavior that benefits society.
- Rules can be changed when they no longer meet society's needs.
- Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
- Individuals' judgments of good and bad become influenced by universal moral principles.
- Laws and societal values have a certain validity, but if these laws conflict with principles of human dignity, they need to follow these principles.
- Stage 5 (can start as early as 12 years old): Social Contract Orientation
Key Points about Kohlberg's Theory
- According to Kohlberg, people go through these six stages in the above order.
- Most children have a preconventional morality, and most adults have a conventional one.
- Kohlberg estimated that only 20 to 25% of the adult population attains the post-conventional level of morality.
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