Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of moral realists according to Piaget's theory of moral development?
What is a primary characteristic of moral realists according to Piaget's theory of moral development?
In which stage of Kohlberg's moral development theory do individuals start to consider social norms and intentions?
In which stage of Kohlberg's moral development theory do individuals start to consider social norms and intentions?
How do children above the age of 7, classified as moral subjectivists, make moral judgments?
How do children above the age of 7, classified as moral subjectivists, make moral judgments?
What was a primary finding of Hamlin et al. (2007) regarding infants and their preferences?
What was a primary finding of Hamlin et al. (2007) regarding infants and their preferences?
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What critical aspect of moral dilemmas is highlighted in the content as being less common in everyday life?
What critical aspect of moral dilemmas is highlighted in the content as being less common in everyday life?
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Which finding is associated with the study by Smith, Blake, & Harris (2013) regarding children and sharing?
Which finding is associated with the study by Smith, Blake, & Harris (2013) regarding children and sharing?
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According to Kohlberg's moral development theory, what primarily defines the pre-conventional stage?
According to Kohlberg's moral development theory, what primarily defines the pre-conventional stage?
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In the research by Warneken & Tomasello (2006), what aspect of toddler behavior was examined?
In the research by Warneken & Tomasello (2006), what aspect of toddler behavior was examined?
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What limitation is noted regarding the current theories of moral development?
What limitation is noted regarding the current theories of moral development?
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What percentage of antisocial behavior variation is attributed to genetic factors?
What percentage of antisocial behavior variation is attributed to genetic factors?
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According to the findings, which environmental factor has the highest percentage of influence on antisocial behavior?
According to the findings, which environmental factor has the highest percentage of influence on antisocial behavior?
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Which study found a correlation between watching violent TV at age 8 and aggression at age 19?
Which study found a correlation between watching violent TV at age 8 and aggression at age 19?
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What was a primary finding of the Liebert & Barron (1972) study regarding children's play behavior?
What was a primary finding of the Liebert & Barron (1972) study regarding children's play behavior?
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What concept explains the learning of aggression through observation according to Bandura et al. (1962)?
What concept explains the learning of aggression through observation according to Bandura et al. (1962)?
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What did Thomas et al. (1977) find regarding children's emotional responses after watching violent TV?
What did Thomas et al. (1977) find regarding children's emotional responses after watching violent TV?
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Which of the following was NOT identified as an environmental influence on antisocial behavior?
Which of the following was NOT identified as an environmental influence on antisocial behavior?
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The study by Eron (1987) tracked children over a span of how many years?
The study by Eron (1987) tracked children over a span of how many years?
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Which type of TV programming was linked to increased aggression in children according to multiple studies?
Which type of TV programming was linked to increased aggression in children according to multiple studies?
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Coercive cycles in parenting were identified as a key factor influencing what aspect of behavior?
Coercive cycles in parenting were identified as a key factor influencing what aspect of behavior?
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What was the outcome of Experiment 2 in Hamlin et al. (2007) when the eyes were removed from the toys?
What was the outcome of Experiment 2 in Hamlin et al. (2007) when the eyes were removed from the toys?
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In the study by Smith, Blake, & Harris (2013), what did the findings indicate about the understanding of fairness in children?
In the study by Smith, Blake, & Harris (2013), what did the findings indicate about the understanding of fairness in children?
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What percentage of antisocial behavior variation is linked to environmental influences according to Rhee & Waldman (2002)?
What percentage of antisocial behavior variation is linked to environmental influences according to Rhee & Waldman (2002)?
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What effect did watching violent TV have on children in the study by Eron (1987)?
What effect did watching violent TV have on children in the study by Eron (1987)?
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What key factor did Thomas et al. (1977) identify regarding children's emotional responses after viewing violent media?
What key factor did Thomas et al. (1977) identify regarding children's emotional responses after viewing violent media?
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Which concept explains how aggression is learned according to Bandura et al. (1962)?
Which concept explains how aggression is learned according to Bandura et al. (1962)?
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Which of the following was identified as a significant environmental influence on antisocial behavior?
Which of the following was identified as a significant environmental influence on antisocial behavior?
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What was observed in toddlers during Warneken & Tomasello's (2006) study regarding helping behavior?
What was observed in toddlers during Warneken & Tomasello's (2006) study regarding helping behavior?
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What effect did violent TV viewing have on children's social interactions according to Liebert & Barron (1972)?
What effect did violent TV viewing have on children's social interactions according to Liebert & Barron (1972)?
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How did the findings of Hamlin et al. (2007) regarding infants' preferences contribute to understanding moral intuition?
How did the findings of Hamlin et al. (2007) regarding infants' preferences contribute to understanding moral intuition?
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Study Notes
Moral Development
- Morality is the understanding of right and wrong.
- Moral development involves intuitive responses versus reasoned judgments.
- Piaget's theory examines how children judge the naughtiness of actions based on the developmental stage.
- Moral realists (pre-operational stage, under 7): judge based on the extent of damage.
- Moral subjectivists (concrete operational stage, over 7): judge based on the actors' intentions.
- Kohlberg's theory proposes sequential stages of moral development, progressing from pre-conventional (reward/punishment), to conventional (social norms), to post-conventional (complex ethical reasoning).
- Prosocial behaviour includes helping, sharing, and costly altruism, which are less common than selfish choices.
- These theories do not fully explain early moral intuition.
Development of Prosocial Behaviour
- Infant studies (Hamlin et al., 2007): Preverbal infants prefer helpers over hinderers. This preference is present when infants see the agents. But the preference disappears when the agents' faces are hidden, which indicates a role for perception.
- Helping behaviour studies (Warneken & Tomasello, 2006): Toddlers (18 months old) spontaneously helped adults in need.
- Sharing behaviour studies (Smith, Blake, & Harris, 2013): Children aged 3-8 endorse fairness but don't consistently act fairly until 7-8 years old.
Development of Antisocial Behaviour
- Genetic and environmental influences (Rhee & Waldman, 2002): Roughly 32% of antisocial behaviour variation is attributed to genetics and 43% to environment.
- Environmental influences include parenting (coercive cycles), peer influence, and media exposure (violent TV).
Causes of Aggression and Violence
- Media influence (Eron, 1987): Exposure to violent TV at age 8 correlated with aggression at 19 and later antisocial behaviour (like criminality).
- Media exposure (Liebert & Barron, 1972): Children exposed to violent TV shows demonstrated greater aggression during unsupervised play.
- Media exposure (Thomas et al., 1977): Watching violence on TV made children less emotionally responsive (desensitized) to violence.
- Social learning theory (Bandura et al., 1962): Aggression is learned by imitating observed behaviours.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of moral development through the theories of Piaget and Kohlberg. This quiz dives into how children perceive morality at different stages and the emergence of prosocial behavior from infancy. Test your understanding of the foundational concepts of morality and altruism.
