Moral Development Theories Quiz

False (B)

That moral thought doesn't always translate to moral action

<p>antisocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anger (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preconventional = Obeying authority to avoid punishment Conventional = Seeking to be seen as good and maintain social order Post-conventional = Adhering to overarching important value structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We tend to refer to their mental state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results were unlikely to have occurred by chance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>child</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal design = Tests the same group of people at different ages Cross-sectional design = Tests different age groups at the same time Sequential design = Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional designs Microgenetic design = Intensive observation of a small group of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imitation of others' behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimal risks, informed consent, right to withdraw, and privacy and confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory of mind (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>false belief paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'I am a hard worker' = Individualistic 'I am part of a family, community, workplace' = Collectivist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 years old (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>recursive thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of pronouns such as 'me' and 'mine' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>initiative vs. guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>autobiographical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identity that is in direct opposition to what parents support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identity diffusion = Lack of interest in developing an identity Identity foreclosure = Commitment to an identity without exploration Identity moratorium = Exploration in search of identity with no commitment Identity achievement = Choice of identity following exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The birth of a child (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The feeling you have about your general self-worth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristics one aspires to have in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-esteem = How you feel about your characteristics. Secure Base = Safe to explore while a parent is present and returns when needed. Attachment = Emotional bond central to the well-being of infants and children. Ideal self = Characteristics one aspires to in the future.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Media influence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The security of attachment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of being a victim of physical abuse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>permissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritative = Outgoing, cooperative, and empathetic Authoritarian = Defiant, resentful, and lower self-esteem Permissive = Poor social skills and lack of self-control Disengaged = Angry, defiant, and lower academic achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low levels of warmth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research design where the same subjects are tested across different ages, e.g., 6 and 8 years old.

A research design that tests different subjects of varying ages at the same time.

A combination of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs to study development.

The degree to which traits or abilities between two individuals are similar.

A field that studies the heritability of traits through methods like adoption and twin studies.

Permission granted by parents and children after being fully informed about research risks.

A person's sense of right and wrong influenced by environment, cognition, and emotions.

Theory emphasizing moral behavior learned by imitation and cognitive-emotional development.

Understanding of principles endorsed by our culture

The way people reason about moral issues that changes with age

A stage before age 4 where children cannot consider moral issues

A stage (ages 4-7) where children are subject to external controls

A stage (ages 7-8) where children understand rules are social constructs

A moral reasoning stage (under 9) based on punishment and self-interest

How emotions like guilt and empathy influence moral development

Understanding that behaviors relate to people's mental states

The recognition that different people may want different things.

Understanding that people can have different beliefs about the same situation.

Understanding that individuals may act on incorrect beliefs.

The ability to conceal emotions using facial expressions.

How an individual describes themselves, such as 'hard-working' or 'artistic'.

Cultures that use nonrelational terms to define self.

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror, indicating self-awareness.

How you feel about your own characteristics and worth.

The overall feeling of self-worth encompassing all aspects of self.

Self-esteem based on specific areas or characteristics.

Preschoolers usually have high self-esteem due to lack of social comparison.

The characteristics a person aspires to or wishes to become.

An emotional bond that leads to exploration and comfort in children.

Monkeys preferred comfort from a cloth mother over food, showing need for emotional support.

A method to measure attachment security by observing reactions to a parent’s return.

A form of physical punishment that may stop behavior immediately but isn't effective long-term for self-control.

Meta-analysis shows physical punishment leads to immediate compliance but worse long-term outcomes such as aggression.

A style that balances high control with warmth, using inductive discipline for positive child outcomes.

A style with high control but low warmth, expecting blind compliance, leading to resentment in children.

A style providing warmth but few rules, resulting in poor social skills and sometimes over-reliance.

A lack of limits or emotional connection, leading to defiant, angry children with low achievement.

The process by which children incorporate parental values into their own moral beliefs.

A theory suggesting that parental aggression predicts ongoing use of physical punishment, like spanking.

Toddlers in individualistic cultures recognize themselves earlier, using pronouns like 'I' or 'you'.

The ability to see a situation from another person's point of view.

Toddlers show a sense of ownership, defending what they consider theirs as their self-concept develops.

Preschoolers understand their identity in terms of what they do, have, or look like.

Preschoolers want independence, but failing can cause feelings of guilt; patience from parents is crucial.

Children begin to refine their self-concept through comparisons with peers, making their view more realistic.

Adolescents explore identity options; success leads to positive identity, failure leads to confusion.

Coming to a clear decision on one's identity after exploring various options.