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The proteome refers to the collection of genes present in an organism.
False
What is the term used for biotechnological advances applied in the medical field?
Red Biotechnology
What is the main focus of proteomics?
Green Biotechnology primarily focuses on the agricultural sector and involves _____ techniques.
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Which biotechnology category includes the use of transgenic plants?
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Match the following types of biotechnology with their main applications:
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Genomics is the study of the set of proteins expressed by the genome.
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What is a significant outcome of stem cell therapy in Red Biotechnology?
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The first gene therapy approved in the U.S. is known as Luxturna.
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What was the main achievement of the Human Genome Project?
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What does the RPE65 gene relate to in the context of Luxturna?
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The Human Genome Project was launched in October ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a focus of the Human Genome Project?
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Match the following terms related to the Human Genome Project:
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What role does gene therapy play in treating genetic diseases?
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Genome sequencing has no impact on the practice of medicine.
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What do monoclonal antibodies primarily bind to?
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Polyclonal antibodies are derived from multiple types of immune cells.
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What is one major advantage of monoclonal antibody treatment compared to traditional chemotherapy?
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The Human Genome Project successfully mapped the entire DNA sequence of chromosome ______.
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What is one function that monoclonal antibodies can perform?
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Name one company that provides genome sequencing tests to the public.
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Match the following terms to their descriptions:
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Genome sequencing is a technology that allows for the mapping of complete human chromosomes.
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Study Notes
Antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies are identical copies of a single antibody, targeting one specific antigen.
- Polyclonal antibodies are derived from multiple immune cell types, enabling them to bind to various antigens.
- Monoclonal antibody treatments utilize the immune system to combat diseases, including flagging cancer cells for targeted immune response.
- Compared to traditional chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy generally results in fewer side effects and can be used as an alternative or adjunct treatment.
Genome Sequencing
- Genome sequencing technology has advanced significantly, allowing extensive mapping of human DNA.
- The first complete mapping of a human chromosome (chromosome 22) was achieved in 1999, marking a milestone in genetic research.
- Companies like 23andMe and startups such as Helix, Veritas, and Color offer genome sequencing tests to individuals for ancestry discovery and hereditary disease susceptibility.
- The Human Genome Project, initiated in 1990 and completed in 2003, aimed to sequence the entire human genome, enhancing understanding of human biology and medicine.
Gene Therapy
- Luxturna is a groundbreaking gene therapy approved in the U.S. aimed at correcting genetic disorders due to specific gene mutations.
- This therapy targets the RPE65 gene and delivers a normal gene copy directly to retinal cells to restore vision for patients with genetic blindness.
- Gene therapy developments represent a significant advancement in treating genetic diseases that are otherwise incurable.
Key Terms
- Proteomics: The study of the entire set of proteins encoded by an organism's genome.
- Proteome: The complete set of proteins that can be expressed by a specific genome.
- Genomics: The comprehensive study of an organism's entire genome.
- Genome: The full set of genetic material present in an organism.
Green Biotechnology
- Green biotechnology focuses on agricultural applications, using techniques like micropropagation to enhance plant production and quality.
- Transgenic plants are genetically modified to thrive in specific environments and can be produced using selected chemicals.
Red Biotechnology
- Red biotechnology, synonymous with medical biotechnology, mainly involves drug production, antibiotic development, and genetic manipulation.
- It assists in addressing genetic disorders, disease analysis, diagnostic innovation, and stem cell therapy for tissue regeneration and organ repair.
White Biotechnology
- White biotechnology, also referred to as industrial biotechnology, is applied in various industries.
- Key applications include creating biopolymers, developing eco-friendly vehicle parts, and producing innovative fabrics and chemicals.
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Description
This quiz explores the key differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Learn about their individual properties, how they are produced, and their roles in therapeutic applications. Test your understanding of these important concepts in medical biotechnology.
