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Questions and Answers
What do systematists infer from molecular evidence?
What do systematists infer from molecular evidence?
- Geographical distribution
- Predator-prey relationships
- Habitat preference
- Phylogeny (correct)
Why should DNA and amino acid sequences be more similar between species that have recently branched from a common ancestor?
Why should DNA and amino acid sequences be more similar between species that have recently branched from a common ancestor?
- Due to the reflection of common ancestry in homology (correct)
- Diverse environmental pressures
- Loss of genetic information over time
- Random mutation rates in DNA sequences
Why is molecular systematics valuable in assessing phylogenetic relationships?
Why is molecular systematics valuable in assessing phylogenetic relationships?
- It is used for determining geographical distribution
- It provides information on species habitat preferences
- It relies solely on morphological divergence
- It can evaluate relationships beyond what comparative anatomy offers (correct)
Which type of groups benefit the most from molecular systematics due to limited morphological divergence?
Which type of groups benefit the most from molecular systematics due to limited morphological divergence?
What is the basis for most molecular systematics analysis?
What is the basis for most molecular systematics analysis?
How do systematists construct cladograms using DNA sequence analysis?
How do systematists construct cladograms using DNA sequence analysis?
What makes it easier to define identity using molecular data compared to morphological data?
What makes it easier to define identity using molecular data compared to morphological data?
In a rooted tree, what does the root represent?
In a rooted tree, what does the root represent?
What is the main difference between a rooted and an unrooted tree?
What is the main difference between a rooted and an unrooted tree?
What is the significance of the phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base in nucleotide structure?
What is the significance of the phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base in nucleotide structure?
Why can long branch attraction occur in molecular data analysis?
Why can long branch attraction occur in molecular data analysis?
Which type of tree allows us to define ancestor-descendant relationships between nodes?
Which type of tree allows us to define ancestor-descendant relationships between nodes?
What do terminal nodes represent in a tree?
What do terminal nodes represent in a tree?
What regions of DNA evolve relatively rapidly and are useful for assessing closely related species or populations?
What regions of DNA evolve relatively rapidly and are useful for assessing closely related species or populations?
In terms of evolutionary relationships, what does an unrooted tree lack compared to a rooted tree?
In terms of evolutionary relationships, what does an unrooted tree lack compared to a rooted tree?
Why do insertions and deletions in DNA sequences create challenges when establishing homology?
Why do insertions and deletions in DNA sequences create challenges when establishing homology?
How do two closely related species primarily differ in their DNA sequences?
How do two closely related species primarily differ in their DNA sequences?
What is the core principle of Maximum Parsimony?
What is the core principle of Maximum Parsimony?
Which method is statistically robust and incorporates evolutionary models?
Which method is statistically robust and incorporates evolutionary models?
What is a disadvantage of using Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA)?
What is a disadvantage of using Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA)?
When applying parsimony to a problem in molecular systematics, which dataset size is more suitable for Maximum Parsimony according to the text?
When applying parsimony to a problem in molecular systematics, which dataset size is more suitable for Maximum Parsimony according to the text?
What does Neighbor Joining (NJ) primarily do in constructing phylogenetic trees?
What does Neighbor Joining (NJ) primarily do in constructing phylogenetic trees?
In the context of Maximum Likelihood (ML), what does 'maximizes probability of observed data under a model' mean?
In the context of Maximum Likelihood (ML), what does 'maximizes probability of observed data under a model' mean?
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