Molecular Homology Flashcards

The application of computer science to the digital storage, retrieval and analysis of biological data.

A branch of a cladogram that comprises a common ancestor and all of its descendants.

<p>A hypothesis about evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A field of biology that compares DNA sequences, gene arrangements and chromosome structures between different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The union between two bacterial cells enabling the direct transfer of genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy for inferring evolutionary relationships based on evolutionary distance between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolution in which a single ancestral species splits to become two or more descendant species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nucleotide sequence that uniquely identifies a particular species, subspecies or variety of organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA-DNA hybridization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA Sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of species and their developmental processes by comparing embryonic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of substitutions that have occurred in the amino acid sequences or nucleotide sequences since divergence from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating an extra copy of a gene within a genome due to mutational duplication or polyploidy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes that have similar sequences indicating a shared evolutionary ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which genetic material from one organism becomes incorporated into the genome of another organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form double strands with nucleic acids from different sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes that carry out the same biological reaction but are products of different genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The line of descendant species that evolve from an ancestral species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that coordinates expression of many other genes during embryonic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype and phenotype transmitted entirely from the female parent to the offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature at which 50% of double-stranded DNA has separated into single strands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of substitutions that have accumulated in a polypeptide or gene in a given lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarity of nucleotide or amino acid sequences as evidence for a common evolutionary origin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Describes a taxonomic group that has all descended from the same common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A junction point representing the common ancestor of diverging lineages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The order of nucleotides in a segment of RNA or DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar genes in different species that evolved by speciation from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A comparison between two polypeptide sequences, DNA sequences, or genomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar genes in the same genome that evolved by gene duplication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A taxonomic group that contains some, but not all, species from a common ancestor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The successive evolution of one species into another within a single lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolutionary relationships that exist between species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of rooted tree with branch lengths representing nucleotide or amino acid changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An obsolete gene with no functional alleles due to mutation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene whose product switches on or off the expression of other genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phylogenetic tree depicting ancestors and descendants over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A display aligning homologous polypeptide or DNA sequences to identify conserved patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of one or more new species from an ancestral species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that codes for tRNA, rRNA, or a polypeptide other than a regulatory molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conserved order of gene loci in a section of chromosome in two different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The branch of biology concerned with categorizing organisms according to their evolutionary history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A system of scientific conventions for naming and classifying organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A secreted signaling protein that stimulates cells to divide and differentiate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A phylogenetic tree that shows only the degree of relatedness without reference to ancestry.</p> Signup and view all the answers